tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-86664603965974901942024-03-08T01:11:41.168-08:00Writing an essay in first personConsumer Behavior And Marketing Concept Paper Topicsjoanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-20636622952884818572020-08-25T10:32:00.001-07:002020-08-25T10:32:07.338-07:00Everything You Need to Know About The Cask of AmontilladoAll that You Need to Know About The Cask of Amontillado SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As you plan for the AP Literature test, something youââ¬â¢ll need to do is gotten a specialist in a couple of abstract works that you can use on the arrangement part of the test. We prescribe that you pick four to five striking works with various classes and subjects to ensure you can compose an astonishing understudy decision exposition. (Actually...practicing investigating writing will help you overall test, not simply the composed bit, so itââ¬â¢s a success win circumstance!) In any case, on the grounds that these works must be ââ¬Å"notableâ⬠with ââ¬Å"literary meritâ⬠doesnââ¬â¢t mean they should be exhausting, as well! Thatââ¬â¢s why weââ¬â¢re discussing Edgar Allan Poeââ¬â¢s short story, ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontillado,â⬠as a decent decision for your AP test. Not exclusively is it generally perceived as a fantastic bit of writing, itââ¬â¢s got a tad bit of everything: repulsiveness! Anticipation! An unexpected curve! What's more, as an additional bonus...itââ¬â¢s short. To update you, weââ¬â¢ll start with ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠rundown, at that point weââ¬â¢ll bounce into character and topical investigations. When you finish this article, youââ¬â¢ll have the option to expound valiantly on ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠on your AP test. A photo of Edgar Allan Poe. Recorded Background: Who Was Edgar Allen Poe? Pundits consider Edgar Allan Poe to be the dad of the investigator story (because of ââ¬Å"Murders in the Rue Morgue,â⬠which originates before the Sherlock Holmes stories by over 50 years!) and a pioneer of the American short story. Be that as it may, notwithstanding his abstract achievement, Edgar Allan Poeââ¬â¢s life was set apart by disaster. Stranded only a year after his introduction to the world in 1809, Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan (who werenââ¬â¢t blood family members). Frances Allan and Poe battled regularly, as a rule over cash, and Poe would play with neediness all through his life...especially after he was removed of John Allanââ¬â¢s will. Poe attempted to set off for college however couldnââ¬â¢t pay for it, so he dropped out. This was a surprisingly positive turn of events, since it commenced Poeââ¬â¢s composing vocation. Filled by the two his enthusiasm and the passing of his more seasoned sibling, Poe moved back to Baltimore to turn into a full-time essayist. There, he wedded his cousin-Virginia Clemm-who was only 13 at the hour of the marriage. (Poe was 26!) Apparently, the couple was content until Virginiaââ¬â¢s demise thirteen years after the fact. Poe could never recoup from her demise and would spend away two years after the fact, not long after turning 40 years of age. Poeââ¬â¢s life may have been short, yet his composing has lived on. In spite of the fact that Poe was an artist, scholarly pundit, writer, short story author, and writer, he is most notable today for his horrifying accounts of fear and the grim. The greater part of Poeââ¬â¢s works fall into the Gothic kind, which is portrayed by a feeling of fear, question, and the uncanny. The class was staggeringly mainstream in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, and Poeââ¬â¢s composing would make him extraordinary compared to other known essayists of Gothic frightfulness. This is what amontillado resembles! The Cask of Amontillado Background ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠is one of Poeââ¬â¢s most well known short stories, and it was initially distributed in 1846 in Godeyââ¬â¢s Lady Book, the most mainstream periodical in the United States around then. In spite of the fact that researchers arenââ¬â¢t 100 percent sure what motivated Poeââ¬â¢s short story, many accept itââ¬â¢s dependent on a story he heard while positioned at Fort Independence in Massachusetts in 1827. Around then, Fort Independence had a sculpture of Lieutenant Robert Massie, who had been slaughtered in a blade duel following a game, on the premises. As legend has it, after Massieââ¬â¢s demise, different warriors rendered retribution on his killer by getting him alcoholic and for all time fixing him in a vault...alive. An increasingly mainstream hypothesis is that Poe composed ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠because of his own adversary, Thomas Dunn English, who had composed a searing evaluate of one of Poeââ¬â¢s books. ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠sticks components from Englishââ¬â¢s epic, 1844, including making references to a similar mystery social orders and underground vaults highlighted in Englishââ¬â¢s work. Others accept that ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠was propelled not by an individual, however by an across the board dread of being covered alive. Since medication was in its early stages, once in a while trance like state casualties were thought to be dead and were covered likewise, just to alert in their final resting places days after the fact. Individuals began concocting simple open final resting places, internment vaults with windows, and even final resting places with breathing cylinders connected to spare individuals who were rashly covered. Furthermore, obviously, the dread of being covered alive-just incredible your own final resting place is reverberated in the plot of ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontillado.â⬠Despite what enlivened Poe to compose ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontillado,â⬠the reality remains that this short story stays one of his generally celebrated and suffering works of Gothic dread. The Cask of Amontillado Summary Since you know a smidgen about the foundation of Poeââ¬â¢s short story, letââ¬â¢s investigate the plot of the content. (You can locate a free, legitimate duplicate of ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠online by clicking here.) The Story Begins Poeââ¬â¢s short story really happens in double cross periods. The majority of the occasions happen the evening of Carnaval, which is a Western Christian festival that happens before Lent. Jamboree is a festival of abundance of food, drink, and fun-before the limitation of the Lenten season sets in before Easter. (In the United States, the Carnival season is also called Mardi Gras.) However, the story is told all things considered by the storyteller, Montresor, fifty years after the occasion to an obscure audience (just alluded to as ââ¬Å"youâ⬠in the story). That implies that there are really two diverse time periods occurring in ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontillado.â⬠Setting the Trap Perusers discover that Montresor is intending to render retribution on his one-time companion, Fortunato. Perusers never realize precisely what Fortunato has done to Montresor to send him to the brink, just that Montresor feels he is the casualty of a ââ¬Å"thousand injuriesâ⬠and one anonymous ââ¬Å"insultâ⬠he should vindicate. Perusers likewise discover that Montresor has concealed his fierceness so as to persuade Fortunato that they are still companions which is all piece of his arrangement. The evening of Carnival, Montresor places his arrangement vigorously. He realizes that Fortunato sees himself as a wine epicurean, so Montresor isnââ¬â¢t amazed that Fortunato is as of now alcoholic when he discovers him in the Carnival festivity. Montresor educates him regarding a channel, or around 130 gallons, of Amontillado he purchased. (Amontillado is a fine sherry wine.) But since he has the wine, Montresor is worried about the possibility that that he was hoodwinked. He reveals to Fortunato that he was headed to discover Luchresi-another wine epicurean to assist him with deciding the wineââ¬â¢s legitimacy. Entering the Vaults Montresorââ¬â¢s ploy works. Montresor realizes that Fortunato is brimming with himself, and the possibility that somebody could pass judgment on the Amontillado pricks his personality. Thus, Fortunato demands checking the Amontillado himself. Montresor pitifully attempts to discourage Fortunato, disclosing to him that going into the tombs, or underground vaults where ages of the Montresor family are covered, will decline Fortunatoââ¬â¢s head cold. Fortunato waves off Montresorââ¬â¢s concerns, saying that he ââ¬Å"shall not bite the dust of a cough,â⬠and he tails him into the vaults to taste the Amontillado in any case. As the men adventure further into the dim, underground paths, Montresor ensures that Fortunato continues drinking. Fortunato gets some information about the Montresor familyââ¬â¢s ensign, and Montresor discloses to him that their family witticism is ââ¬Å"Nemo me impune lacessit,â⬠or ââ¬Å"no one assaults me with impunity.â⬠Fortunato is flushed to such an extent that he misses the admonition in Montresorââ¬â¢s words, and rather solicits whether Montresor is a part from the bricklayers, an organization with a tip top enrollment. Montresor says yes and holds up a masonââ¬â¢s trowel, suggesting that heââ¬â¢s an exacting bricklayer. Fortunato thinks Montresor is kidding, and when they show up at the specialty where Montresor says heââ¬â¢s put away the Amontillado, heââ¬â¢s too alcoholic to even think about noticing that thereââ¬â¢s no wine inside. He doesnââ¬â¢t even oppose as Montresor binds him to the divider. The End of Fortunato Montresor then uncovers the blocks and mortar he has put away in the vault, and he starts to divider up the opening to the niche...with Fortunato binded inside. The procedure is a long one, and Montresor depicts Fortunatoââ¬â¢s dreadful cries and endeavors to pull liberated from the chains. However, Montresor is resolved, and he tosses a lit light into the specialty with Fortunato before he gets done with walling him in alive. By this point, Fortunato is terrified. Heââ¬â¢s shouting for help, yet the pair are so far underground that thereââ¬â¢s nobody to hear him. He attempts to speak to Montresorââ¬â¢s rationale, saying that heââ¬â¢ll be missed by ââ¬Å"Lady Fortunato and the rest.â⬠Montresor is unaffected, wraps fixing up the vault, and leaves Fortunato there to kick the bucket. Montresor completes his story by telling the audience that there Fortunatoââ¬â¢s bones stay, after fifty years. mninha/Flickr ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontilladoâ⬠Character Analysis Peruse on for a top to bottom examination of the significant characters in ââ¬Å"The Cask of Amontillado.â⬠Fortunato Fortunatoââ¬â¢s name implies ââ¬Å"the lucky oneâ⬠in Italian, which is unexpected surrendered that he closes bricked inside the Montresor joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-28203414786784285422020-08-22T04:11:00.001-07:002020-08-22T04:11:35.713-07:00Benefits of Women EntrepreneurshipAdvantages of Women Entrepreneurship Hop to: Advantages of Female Entrepreneurs | Disadvantages of Female Entrepreneurs | Challenges for Female Entrepreneurs | Schemes to Develop Female Entrepreneurs | Leading Female Entrepreneurs in India | Differences among Male and Female Entrepreneurs Ladies establish around half of the absolute total populace. So is in India moreover. They are along these lines viewed as the better 50% of the general public. In conventional social orders, they were limited to the four dividers of houses performing family unit exercises. In present day social orders they have come out of the four dividers to take an interest in a wide range of exercises. The worldwide confirmations proveãââ ãââ that ladies have been performing exceedingly well in various circles of exercises like scholastics, legislative issues, organization, social work, etc. Presently they have begun diving into industry likewise and running their ventures effectively. In this manner while talking about on enterprising advancement of ladies business people in the nation. Al through independent companies possessed by ladies have generally centered around design , affectionate and different administrations area, yet as of late ladies business people have been moving quickly into assembling, development and other mechanical recorded. Ladies claimed business are softly expanding in the financial aspects of practically all nations. The shrouded innovative capability of ladies have step by step been changing with the developing sensivity to the job and monetary status in the general public. It implies ladies have the possibilities, ability, information and flexibility to maintain a business effectively. Which means And Definitions Ladies business person is an individual who acknowledges provoking job to meet her own need and become monetarily autonomous. There are conservative, social, strict, social and different variables existing in the general public which liable for the crisis of the business visionaries. Ladies business person alludes similarly to somebody who has begun a one ladies business to somebody who is a head in privately-run company or association or to somebody who is investor in an open organization which she runs. Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà Ãâà The Government of India has definedãââ ãââ a ladies business visionary is an endeavor possessed and constrained by a ladies having a base monetary enthusiasm of 51% of the capital and giving at any rate 51% of the work produced in the venture to ladies . Focal points Of Female Entrepreneurs Social Networking.ãââ Let's be honest ladies are common organizers. They love to talk, blend, and hobnob. This is the very motivation behind why spouses infrequently ever deal with the social schedule. In todays business condition, acing online networking is obligatory, and the women totally have an advantage! Intuition.ãââ They call it womens instinct for a reason.ãââ Women all in all can evaluate someone else a lot quicker than her male partner. In todays ultra-quick paced business condition, you need the capacity to rapidly distinguish the partners and the foes. Notwithstanding in the event that you are a male or female, you have to confide in your gut. Torment Tolerance.ãââ Alright, at first I would have said this is immaterial. In any case, subsequent to viewing my youngsters be conceived, there is no doubt that my significant other can handleãââ a lotãââ more torment than I can. What's more, I am not simply talking physical agony, I mean enthusiastic, as well (have you perceived how extreme youngsters can be on their moms?). In business, there are a great deal of excruciating minutes. A ton. Ladies unquestionably have a favorable position around there. Performing multiple tasks. Ãâà Women are known for shuffling numerous errands simultaneously and as yet having the option to deliver amazing outcomes. On the other hand, the folks are aces at concentrating on a certain something. All things considered, the bit of leeway in todays diverting condition goes to ladies. Tolerance. Ãâà Women innately appear to have more persistence. Furthermore, in todays business condition, persistence is critical! Forceful business techniques are not taking care of like they once did. Unwavering mindsets always win in the end in this classification. Listening.ãââ A companion of mine went to purchase another bed at a little sheet material store claimed by a couple group. The female proprietor moves toward my companion and asked a wide range of inquiries regarding for what valid reason they required another bed, on the off chance that they could fix their old bed, what else they were thinking about, and so forth. She posed inquiries and listened intently. She plainly indicated that she thought about assisting with addressing their necessities. My companion was minutes from purchasing any bed that she suggested. In any case, simply at that point, the baffled spouse on the business group ran up and said let me handle this. At that point he simply made a decent attempt close the deal. He was pushy, mentioning to them what he prescribed and what they needed to have. Prepare to have your mind blown. The deal was lost the subsequent he started talking! They exited. I am certain he accused her, yet it was him. The key is to pose inquiries and truly tu ne in. Without a doubt, any incredible sales rep knows this, man or lady, it just appears that the women are normally better at doing it. Issue/Disadvantages Of Female Entrepreneurs Ladies Entrepreneurs experience two arrangements of issues for example general issues business visionaries and issues explicit to ladies business visionaries. These are talked about follows Account Account is viewed as life blood for any endeavor be in enormous or little. Anyway ladies business visionaries experience the ill effects of deficiency of fund on two tallies. Right off the bat ladies don't for the most part have property on their names to utilize them as insurance for getting assets from outside sources. With the goal that entrance to the outer sources reserves is constrained. Besides the banks likewise consider ladies less credit-commendable and debilitate ladies barrowers on conviction that they can whenever leave their business.ãââ ãââ ãââ ãââ Shortage Of Raw Materials The greater part of the ladies undertakings are tormented by the shortage of crude materials and fundamental information sources. Added to this are significant expenses of crude materials, from one perspective and getting crude material at the base of markdown on the other. The disappointment of numerous co-agents in 1971 occupied with based creation is model how the shortage of crude material sounds the passing toll of endeavors run by ladies. Male Dominated Society The constitution of India talks about correspondence between genders. Be that as it may, by and by ladies are viewed as abla i.e.Ãâà Ãâà Weak in all regards. In male ruled Indian culture, ladies are not offered equivalent men. This transform fills in as a hindrance to ladies passage into business. Ãâà Lack Of Education In India around 60% of ladies are as yet uneducated. Lack of education is the underlying driver of financial issue. Because of the absence of training ladies don't know about business, innovation and market information. Additionally absence of instruction causes low accomplishment inspiration among women.ãââ Market Oriented Risk Various ladies need to confront the difficulties of market on account of solid rivalry. Numerous specialists think that its hard to catch the market and contend with their item. They are not completely mindful of the changing economic situations. Inspirational Factors. Fruitful specialists can act naturally spurred through setting up a psyche and taking up chance and tolerating social duties on shoulder. Different factors, for example, family bolster government arrangements money related help and so forth are additionally essential to set up business. Absence of Confidence Ladies need trust in their quality and ability. The relatives and the general public and hesitant to remain alongside their innovative development Preparing Programs Preparing programs are basic to new country and youthful business visionaries who wish to set up a little and medium scale unit. The projects enhance the expertise and capability of ladies business person. Present Position Of Women Entrepreneurs Out of the absolute 940-48 million individuals in India during the 1990s of the female involve 465% of the all out populace. There are 126.48 million ladies work power (speaking to 28.9% of the female populace) however according to the 1991 enumeration just 185900 ladies representing just 4.5% of all out independently employed personsãââ ãââ in the nation were recorded. Larger part of them are occupied with the un sorted out in the chaotic areas like agribusiness, agro based enterprises, handiworks, handloom and cabin based ventures. According to the 2001census report, there are of ladies laborers of the absolute working populace including formal just as casual division. In the period of L.P.G (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) theÃâà Ãâà Ãâà Indian ladies business visionaries are quick entering the non - customary parts. Which to be sure is in light of their more prominent mindfulness. Five Business Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face and How to Overcome them Social Value The primary pioneering challenge ladies business people face is that of social worth or custom. This test is increasingly significant on ladies business visionaries in Africa; where the social worth involves that the man/spouse be the provider. A lady showing her pioneering ability is assumed as needing to assume control over the influential position of the spouse. This test likewise surfaces in families where the spouse/father is a business visionary. The male kids are typically prepared onãââ running the family businessãââ and carrying on after the end of the dad while the female kids are generally kept separate from this enterprising prepping process. To beat this pioneering challenge,ãââ you must be set up to advancement this restricting convention; you should adhere to what you trust in. Cultural Discrimination The following test ladies face in business is cultural separation. A great many people despite everything live with the attitude that specific organizations or errands are better taken care of by men.Ãâà Have you at any point run over a female auto repairman, handyman, bricklayer or welder? What was your first response? You more likely than not shouted what the heck is a lady doing with such occupation. All things considered, I have done it c joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-71881531785066095542020-08-02T07:36:00.001-07:002020-08-02T07:36:03.469-07:00Mattress Dominoes!Mattress Dominoes! For those of you who dont remember or are new here (or dont care about what I have to say all that much there, I covered everyone!), Im spending the summer as an RTA for the Center for Talent Development at Northwestern University, an intensive three-week academic program for gifted students. There are two sessions each summer; I was the TA for Neuroscience first session, and this time around Im working with AP Physics. Physics is awesome and all, but thats not what Im here for right now. Neither are brains, really, but theyre at least marginally related to this post. My Neuroscience class had 17 students who are pretty much the best people ever. (Dont argue. Im right.) I have fantastic evidence to back up my argument, too. Theres a video on CollegeHumor of some students playing mattress dominoes, which involves well, youll see it. My class made their own version of the video last week when I was away from the floor for approximately two seconds, and its pretty great. Thats all Ive got for you today. Back to the living and the learning and all that. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-80099545911488016252020-05-23T00:23:00.001-07:002020-05-23T00:23:02.729-07:00Greek Alphabet and Symbols in Chemistry Scholars used to be conversant with Greek and Latin as part of their education. They even used these languages to publish their ideas or work. Correspondence with other scholars was possible even if their native languages werent the same. Variables in science and mathematics need a symbol to represent them when they are written. A scholar would need a new symbol to represent their new idea and Greek was one of the tools at hand. Applying a Greek letter to a symbol became second nature. Today, while Greek and Latin arent on every students curriculum, the Greek alphabet is learned as needed. The table below lists all twenty-four letters in both upper and lowercase of the Greek alphabet used in science and mathematics. Name Upper Case Lower Case Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-91278181227312626972020-05-11T00:08:00.001-07:002020-05-11T00:08:03.845-07:00The Growth And Poverty Improvement Of A Country Essay CHAPTER 1 1.1.1 INTERNSHIP INTRODUCTION Finance is assumed to be one of the most important tools for the growth and poverty improvement in a country. Financial inclusion is a vision for every country to achieve so that it can provide quality services to its citizens. Govt. Has introduces many schemes to achieve the aim of Inclusive growth and abandoned access to Financial services. Many initiatives, schemes and reforms have been put into the place after independence. Many Cooperative Banks where introduced to supply credit for farming purpose and for this cooperative banks came into existence immediately after Independence and further it was followed by the nationalization of many banks and priority sector lending and subsequently. Indian shifted from an agriculture economy to Industrial economy and later to Services sector Economy, but center of attention shifted from subsidized credit and to important sector lending to enterprise driven. But in this journey of economic development poor and disadvantaged people were not ignored in this journey of economic growth and economic stability. But Post liberalisation India (1991 onwards) saw numerous changes in the financial area; interest rate free licensing, de-regulation, privatization has opened india to the world. Keeping its socialist goals in wits Government of India took various steps after 1991 i.e (post-liberalisation) that the growth in the economy is not biased so that theShow MoreRelatedIndi Poverty And Inequality1308 Words à |à 6 Pageslow and a high income within an economy. Poverty is defined as being in the state of extremely poor. India is well renowned for having two classes, those living well above the poverty line, and those living well below. Currently, India is promoting strategies to decrease their percentage of people living under the poverty line. In 2012 the World Bank conducted some research to find out that 21.9% of the countries 1.295 billion, are living under the poverty line. 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But the contents of theRead MoreGhan A Prosperous Country1452 Words à |à 6 Pages Imagine your country has the model economy desired for an African country. Your country has also been a free democracy since 1982, which is uncommon for your nearby countries to be. Your country has more of a free economy compared to the rest of the countries in its region. T he World Bank has helped your country cut down poverty by 20% in recent years. Your country has a recently increased in urban population by 350%. This country is Ghana, leading the world with the largest hydroelectric power joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-1136652478010871942020-05-06T11:04:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:04:27.394-07:00Social Media Use Free Essays Abstract The purpose of this study is to actually look at the use of the social media (i. e Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp,) in RSUST and the academic performance of the students. In this research a qualitative research method is used. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Use or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 researched questions were asked 1. How common is the use of social media (i. e Facebook, BBM[BlackBerry Messenger], Whatsapp, Twitter) among RSUST students. 2. How often do these students spend using the social media? 3. How has it affected the academic performance of those who use the social media and those who donââ¬â¢t? Introduction There has been a debate about the use of social media (e. g. , Facebook,Twitter,) by high school and college students, and the possible effect of those tools on studentsââ¬â¢ academic performance (Connolly, 2011; Hargitai, Hsieh, 2010; Karpinski, Duberstein, 2009). The main issue of this debate is whether the growing use of social media by high school and/or university students actually improves or worsens a studentââ¬â¢s academic performance. The continued growth in the usage of the social media by students as early as the elementary school level (Anderson, Rainie, 2012; Lenhart, 2009), In fact, the average time spent with screen media among 8- to 18-year-olds is more than twice the average amount of time spent in school each year (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010; National Center for Education Statistics, 2007ââ¬â2008). This issue has brought about concerns particularly for the areas of education (e. g. the identification and use of compatible teaching methods and the design of non-classroom educational assignments); communications (e. g. , the identification of appropriate channels on how to exchange educational information among individuals) (Chen, Bryer, 2012; Anderson, Rainie, 2012). Over the past 10 years, the media environment that children grow up in has changed dramatically, and the amount of time they spend consuming media has exploded. Students have been engulfed withââ¬âand possibly transformed byâ⠬â reality TV, smartphones, iPads, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube. How to cite Social Media Use, Essay examples joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-18965122226781952512020-04-30T04:50:00.001-07:002020-04-30T04:50:04.314-07:00Was Saxon justice harsh and superstitious Essay ExampleWas Saxon justice harsh and superstitious Essay Between AD500 and 1100 England changed form being a mass of small kingdoms into one united country. During these centuries, kings played a vital part in every aspect of government and especially in crime and punishment. A kings most important tasks were to defend his country from attacks and to make sure his laws were obeyed. Laws were made by kings after consulting nobles and bishops. At first, Laws had two main aims, to protect landowners property from damage or theft and to protect people from violence although freemen got more protection than slaves. Early Saxon kings allowed the victims of crimes to punish the criminal themselves. If someone was murdered, the family had the right to track down and kill the murderer. This right was known as the Blood Feud. There were two problems about this legal violence. Firstly, it often led to even more violence as families and their friends banded together to take revenge for an attack and then this led to another attack. Secondly, it did not protect people who did not want to use violence against those who had harmed them. Later kings abolished the Blood Feud and introduced money fines called wergilds for many crimes including some murders. The victims received compensation in money. The level of punishment was decided by the king, through his laws. This made further violence much less likely. Saxon laws were extremely detailed about fines that criminals had to pay. The wergild for killing a nobleman was 300 shillings. If the criminal could not afford to pay the fine, then he or she was sent into slavery. However, not all crimes were punished by fines. We will write a custom essay sample on Was Saxon justice harsh and superstitious specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Was Saxon justice harsh and superstitious specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Was Saxon justice harsh and superstitious specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Some serious crimes carried the death penalty treason against the king, arson and betraying your lord. Reoffenders were also punished harshly if they were caught. Punishments for regular offenders included mutilation, for example, cutting off a hand, ear or nose or putting out the eyes. Any accused person who did not come to court was Outlawed. This meant he no longer had the protection of the law and could be killed by anyone as a punishment. Prisons were only used for holding accused people before trial. Imprisonment was rarely used as a punishment because it was expensive. Gaolers would have to be paid and criminals would have to be fed. This was impossible at a time when kings only collected taxes for wars or to pay for other out of the ordinary events. There was no police force in Saxon England. In the early Saxon kingdoms people relied on their families to help them catch thieves or other wrongdoers. By the tenth century, kings had set up a different kind of self-help system known as a tithing. A tithing was a group of ten people. All males over the age of twelve had to belong to a tithing. This meant that they were responsible for each others behaviour. If a member of the tithing broke the law, the others had to bring him to court or pay the compensation fine to the victim. In a modern trial there are lawyers to prosecute and defend, and jury members must have no prior knowledge of the accused. By contrast, at a Saxon trial there were no lawyers to prosecute or defend the accused person. The accuser was the person who claimed to be the victim of the crime. The jury was also different. It was made up of men from the area who probably knew the accuser and the accused. Both the accused and the accuser told their version of events to the jury. It was then up to the jury to decide who was telling the truth. If there was no clear evidence (such as a witness having seen the crime take place) they used their experience of people concerned. If the jury felt the accuser was more honest in general than the accused, they swore an oath that the accused was guilty. The jurys oath taking was called Compurgation. There were times when the jury members could not agree with each other. This was usually in cases of theft or murder when there was no witness. Trial by ordeal was the solution to this problem. A twelfth-century law said that the ordeal of hot iron is not to be permitted except where the naked truth cannot otherwise be explored. Then God was asked to decide whether the accused person was guilty and the accused had to undergo trial by ordeal. Human beings might not know the truth but God certainly would! There were different kinds of trial by ordeal but whichever one was used; a careful religious ritual was followed. The person taking the ordeal had to fast for three days beforehand and hear mass in the church. As the ordeal by hot iron began the priest said these words: If you are innocent of this charge you may confidently receive this iron in your hand and the Lord, the justice judge, will free you, just as he snatched the three children from the burning fire. Trial by hot iron was usually taken by women. The accused had to carry a piece of red-hot iron for three metres. Her hand was then bandaged and unwrapped three days later. If the wound was healing cleanly without festering everyone would know that god was saying she was innocent. But if the wound was not healing cleanly God was saying she was guilty. Trial by hot water was usually taken my men. The accused put his hand into boiling water to pick up an object and lift it out. This might not be so easy. One of the earliest accounts of this ordeal describes how the accused plunged his right hand into the cauldron. In the bubbling it was not easy for him to grasp the little ring but at last he drew it out. The arm was then bandaged. Three days later the bandage was taken off. Again, the person was innocent if the wound was healing cleanly. Trial by cold water was also usually taken by men. People believed that the water was pure and so would reveal the truth. The accused was lowered into the water (a river or pond as close to the church as possible) on the end of a rope. The rope was knotted above the waist. If the person sank and the knot went below the surface then he was innocent because the pure water had been willing to let this innocent beneath its surface. However, if he and the knot floated then they believed the water was rejecting him because he was guilty. Trial by consecrated bread was taken by priests. The priest first had to pray, asking that he be choked by the bread if he lied. Then he had to eat a piece of consecrated bread. If he choked then he was guilty because God would not let a sinner eat consecrated bread. This might seem a much more lenient ordeal but people believed that God was sure to punish a priest who lied and so it was seen as the most effective or all ordeals. I think that the Saxons used trial by ordeal as a means of finding out whether someone was guilty or not to deter other would be criminals from committing crime. In my opinion, Saxon trials were based on superstition rather than logic because the trials in order to ascertain whether the person was guilty were based on a chance result and were often biased of finding them guilty. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-74869978728816925382020-03-21T03:14:00.001-07:002020-03-21T03:14:03.048-07:00Culture Humility Essay ExampleCulture Humility Essay Example Culture Humility Paper Culture Humility Paper What is the relevance of practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling? The relevance of practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling is that this practice builds trust in the counselor-client relationship, rather than the tearing down or stereotyping of that or other cultures. In helping professions it is mandatory to consider the needs of the client as well as factors that influence the clients needs or communication of needs. By practicing cultural humility in the field of counseling the ounselor understands the importance of being a life-long learner and that the continuous growing, learning, and considering the uniqueness of each individual is paramount for the counselors success. Cultural humility ensures a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique, readdressing the power imbalances in the patient physician dynamic and to developing mutually beneficial and no paternalistic clinical and advocacy partnership with communities on behalf of the individuals and defined populations (Murray-Garcia Tervalon, 1998). Cultural humility in the field of counseling lessens the potential for cultural stereotyping. Cultural stereotyping is functioning under the belief that each culture can be defined and not taking into account the uniqueness of each individual. Different experiences in school with peers, as well as qualitative differences in how parents treat them will contribute to individual uniqueness (Sue Sue, 2008). This statement is basically conveying that not all people are the same, and not all people within a culture handle situations the same. Just because I may have the same beliefs, doesnt mean I may agree with the way things are handle within your particular household. Cultural humility allows for the counselor to act as a learner of the client and not as an expert. It allows for a counselor to seek to learn, rather than to impose their knowledge on individuals. Cultural humility comes from stepping away from the comfort zone of expert and acknowledging when we might not know what else to do (Austerlic, 2009). References Austerlic , S. (2009). Cultural humility and compassionate presence at the end of life. Retrieved from scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/culturally- competent-care/chronic- Murray-Garcia, J. , Tervalon , M. (1998). Cultural humility versus cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. Sue, D. W. , Sue, D. (2008). Counseling the culturally diverse, theory and practice. 5th ed. ). Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. What is the difference between cultural competence and cultural humility? Cultural competence and cultural humility could be misunderstood to be the same, but are quite different. Cultural competence is the ensuring that ones culture is being considered, whereas cultural humility is the ongoing practices of considering ones culture, confronting self-awareness, and constantly learning about the dynamic world in which we live in. The difference in that previous statement is that with competence, you are trying to make sure that steps are taken to ensure that a particular culture is recognized, hereas with humility, it is a norm to make sure that a culture is recognized and appreciated. Cultural competence is a conceptual framework to help providers 2009). Whereas cultural humility is the practice with no foreseeable end goal but instead a paradigm of understanding that ones culture is to be considered individually; that in order to effectively consider another there must first be complete consideration of ones self. Cultural humility comes from thinking outside the box and stepping away from the the sense of normalcy to acknowledging when we might not now what else to do (Austerlic, 2009). It is a process that requires humility as individuals continually engage in self-reflection and self-critique as lifelong learners and reflective practitioners (Murray-Garcia Tervalon, 1998). Cultural humility allows the counselor the moment of intense self-reflection and to use unconventional methods to understanding and truly learning from the client as an individual. Counselors can create opportunities to communicate respect to the client by honoring the clients unique way of perceiving and interacting with the world (Nystul, 010). References Underserved, 9(2), 117-125. Nystul, M. S. (2010). Introduction to counseling, an art and science perspective. Prentice Hall. What are your reflections about the video? The video Cultural Humility by Vivian Chavez was an intriguing video to say the least. The video made me self-reflect my thoughts and brought awareness to my incompetence in cultural awareness. The video truly made me consider and respect the importance of an idea of a culture, and one must be a learner of the individual as well as the culture. To Just understand how a culture impacts an individuals life does not encompass humility. At the beginning of the video diverse people described cultural humility in one word, a few that stood out were love and compassion. These words each play a role in cultural humility. Love focuses on the learning and seeking knowledge, and compassion relates to understanding the feeling of others and treating them with this understanding. As an African American male from in an inner city neighborhood, I am familiar with discrimination, I found after viewing this ilm that I was naive to the struggles of many other individuals in this country. I grew up feeling that I was proud of where I came from, not because of what I accomplished as a child from the hood making good of himself with guidance from parents who made sure of my success, but because I always felt that no one had it as tough as I had it growing up. I grew up with a chip on my shoulder. This video made me realize how selfish and inconsiderate I was, and made me realize that I didnt have it as worse as others. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-52625493769627688672020-03-04T17:38:00.001-08:002020-03-04T17:38:03.582-08:00The Womans Bible and Elizabeth Cady Stanton on GenesisThe Woman's Bible and Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Genesis In 1895, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and a committee of other women published The Womans Bible. In 1888, the Church of England published its Revised Version of the Bible, the first major revision in English since the Authorized Version of 1611, better known as the King James Bible. Dissatisfied with the translation and with the failure of the committee to consult with or include Biblical scholar Julia Smith, the reviewing committee published their comments on the Bible. Their intent was to highlight the small part of the Bible that focused on women, as well as to correct Biblical interpretation which they believed was biased unfairly against women. The committee did not consist of trained Biblical scholars, but rather interested women who took both Biblical study and womens rights seriously. Their individual commentaries, usually a few paragraphs about a group of related verses, were published though they did not always agree with one another, nor did they write with the same level of scholarship or writing skill. The commentary is less valuable as strictly academic Biblical scholarship, but far more valuable as it reflected the thought of many women (and men) of the time towards religion and the Bible. It probably goes without saying that the book met with considerable criticism for its liberal view on the Bible. An Excerpt Heres one small excerpt from The Womans Bible. [from: The Womans Bible, 1895/1898, Chapter II: Comments on Genesis, pp. 20-21.] As the account of the creation in the first chapter is in harmony with science, common sense, and the experience of mankind in natural laws, the inquiry naturally arises, why should there be two contradictory accounts in the same book, of the same event? It is fair to infer that the second version, which is found in some form in the different religions of all nations, is a mere allegory, symbolizing some mysterious conception of a highly imaginative editor. The first account dignifies woman as an important factor in the creation, equal in power and glory with man. The second makes her a mere afterthought. The world in good running order without her. The only reason for her advent being the solitude of man. There is something sublime in bringing order out of chaos; light out of darkness; giving each planet its place in the solar system; oceans and lands their limits; wholly inconsistent with a petty surgical operation, to find material for the mother of the, race. It is on this allegory that all the enemies of women rest, their battering rams, to prove her. inferiority. Accepting the view that man was prior in the creation, some Scriptural writers say that as the woman was of the man, therefore, her position should be one of subjection. Grant it, then as the historical fact is reversed in our day, and the man is now of the woman, shall his place be one of subjection? The equal position declared in the first account must prove more satisfactory to both sexes; created alike in the image of God -The Heavenly Mother and Father. Thus, the Old Testament, in the beginning, proclaims the simultaneous creation of man and woman, the eternity and equality of sex; and the New Testament echoes back through the centuries the individual sovereignty of woman growing out of this natural fact. Paul, in speaking of equality as the very soul and essence of Christianity, said, There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female; for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. With this recognition of the feminine element in the Godhead in the Old Testament, and this declaration of the equality of the sexes in the New, we may well wonder at the contemptible status woman occupies in the Christian Church of to-day. All the commentators and publicists writing on womans position, go through an immense amount of fine-spun metaphysical speculations, to prove her subordination in harmony with the Creators original design. It is evident that some wily writer, seeing the perfect equality of man and woman in the first chapter, felt it important for the dignity and dominion of man to effect womans subordination in some way. To do this a spirit of evil must be introduced, which at once proved itself stronger than the spirit of good, and mans supremacy was based on the downfall of all that had just been pronounced very good. This spirit of evil evidently existed before the supposed fall of man, hence woman was not the origin of sin as so often asserted. E. C. S. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-47573926355714875482020-02-17T09:04:00.001-08:002020-02-17T09:04:02.929-08:00Interesting topic would get your readers to know what your main point EssayInteresting topic would get your readers to know what your main point - Essay Example In The Geography of Bliss, Weiner travels from east to west including India, Thailand, Netherlands, Switzerland, Bhutan, and Moldova among other countries to investigate their idea of happiness. Among the countries he visits, the Swiss have an interesting view of happiness. Democracy, moderation, and the absence of envy are the factors that drive happiness in this country. While investigating happiness according to the Swiss, Weinerââ¬â¢s expresses his impression of the place concerning their behavioral habits and lifestyle. The author personally relates his experiences and investigations in the narrative. In chapter two of the book, Weiner looks at the Swiss source of happiness. While on safari with his girlfriend, he comes across a Swiss couple and their perfectionist tendencies. The writer takes his time to go to Geneva and learn a little more about the Swiss. The first thing that strikes him is how clean the streets are and how sober and controlled the Swiss are. Accordingly, he questions their lifestyle, habits, and general behavior, as well as wonders what makes the Swiss tick. Secondly, Weiner asks why the Swiss are so humorless and serious all the time. Further, the author questions how they could be so disciplined and focused. Additionally, Weiner wonders if a link could exist between the Swiss lifestyle and habits, and the high suicidal rates. Moreover, he tries to understand why the Swiss do not find it appropriate to talk about money. Given these revelations, he inquires where the Swiss get their happiness. Consequently, Weiner alludes that they could probably get happines s from not generating envy in others. Notably, there is little or no privacy in Switzerland, and everyone knows their neighborââ¬â¢s business. Hence, it is hard to understand how they find privacy because such a lifestyle is hard to handle. The Swiss have one activity that helps them unwind. Skiing is a sporting activity that they love. According to Weiner, they usually take time off joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-72351770104114188992020-02-03T06:53:00.001-08:002020-02-03T06:53:02.338-08:00Wenz view on Consumption and Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsWenz view on Consumption and Consumerism - Essay Example According to Wenz, he distinguishes the aspects of both the anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism affecting the environmental standard of the economy. The mentalities of the people are usually centered toward the development of their standard of living and increase the per-capita income. Human beings forget to progress hand in hand with the nature. The materialistic desires of the industrialists and the high-income group of people erases out the thinking power to contribute to environment as such. The improvement of environment and the wildlife have become the least important factor in this race for monopolistic concentration of wealth. Wenz states that due to the far-stretching hands of market and extending the limits of consumerism, the valuable resources are getting scare and exploited gradually. This is also bringing frustration to buy a highly marketed good and correspondingly the level of smooth working is also interrupted. Every property, if publicly hold faces the ââ¬Å" problem of commonsâ⬠( ââ¬Å"Reconciling environmental ethics and political valueâ⬠). This leads to the damage and reduction of the property value. The sustainability of the environment receives a negative feedback in respect to the current and the future generation. With the loss of these natural resources, people in the present time period enjoys the benefits but finally leaving nothing for the upcoming generation in the next period. This thought, to work for the improvement of the social animals is causing harm to the long-term strategy of the economy. Even, in the view from the non-anthropocentric people who are engaged in the welfare of and endangered species yield economic and environmental conflicts in the society. It may happen that to save a particular species and promote the welfare of them might lead to the slaughtering of another species of plants or animals causing a misbalance in the joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-6691819851426230712020-01-26T03:17:00.001-08:002020-01-26T03:17:02.856-08:00Behaviour Modification and Cognitive Processes of LearningBehaviour Modification and Cognitive Processes of Learning Pillay Sheryl Amanda Ballen I will be discussing some important procedures which enable learning. Each and every human being learns any kind of behavior during their life span. There is no human being on earth who does not undergo the process of learning. There are various learning methods through which we obtain beliefs, approaches and skills (Skinner, 1971, cited in Ryckman,2013, p. 361) Here we shall discuss the principles of learning and their uses in daily life. I would like to also demonstrate how behavior modification compares with cognitive processes of learning. Learning What we mean when we say the word ââ¬Å"learningâ⬠, we normally mean ââ¬Å"thinking using the brainâ⬠. These concepts of learning are the central perspective in the Cognitive Learning Theory (CLT). Mental processes can be explained, as they are predisposed by both internal and external factors, which gradually bring about learning. Cognitive Learning Theory suggests that the different procedures regarding learning can be described by examining the mental processes first. It suggests that with actual cognitive processes, learning is simpler and new material can be placed in the memory for a long time. However, ineffective cognitive processes affect learning complications which can be seen in a person. Social Cognitive Theory (SLT) There are three variables in social cognitive theory, which are interconnected with each other, for learning to happen, which consist of: Personal factors Environmental factors Behavior factors An individualââ¬â¢s environmental interaction, beliefs, ideas and mental skills are influenced by outside factors such as a caring or uncaring parent, disturbing or healthy environment or a very hot or humid climate. The mental process in a person is affected by his behavior, and environmental interaction, which can also alter the way he thinks. Oneââ¬â¢s behavior can disturb and change the environment in which he or she lives in. Basic concepts of social learning are: Observational Learning Is a form of learning from other people, by means of observing their behavior in an effective way in order to gain knowledge and change behavior. Reproduction Is the method wherein there is a goal to successfully escalate the repeating of a behavior by means of changing the environment to a safer and more comfortable on , within reachable proximate, and to encourage him to remember the new information and behavior learned and to exercise them. Self-efficacy Is the way a person uses the newly learnt knowledge or behavior which he has learnt. Emotional coping is a good coping devices used against demanding environments and negative personal appearances can lead to operational learning, especially in adults Self ââ¬â regulatory capability is the capability to regulator the behavior even within a negative environment. Classical and operant conditioning are two vital perceptions significant to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the procedure is quite different. To understand how each of these behavior modification methods can be used, it is also important to understand how classic conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one another. Classic Conditioning Was developed by the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov, classic conditioning is the first type of learning wherein an organism responds to an environmental stimulus. Pavlov (1927) observed that in classic conditioning, the stimulus (S) triggers the response (R) of an organism. Within the exposure of the organism to the stimulus, reflex(Hermans et.al., 2006, cited in Weiten, 2014, p. 232). The unconditioned stimulus (US) is the stimulus which leads to an observable response without training. The unconditioned response (UR) is the response brought about by the unconditioned stimulus. It is an automatic and normal behavior. The conditioned stimulus (CR) is a stimulus that is original and has no meaning to the subject. Through learning it is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (US) and brings about the conditioned response. The conditioned response (CR) is the behavior caused by the condition stimulus in response to the (CS). It is usually anticipation of the (US). General Observation My brother was in matric and my little sister was two years old when I observed my brotherââ¬â¢s behavior. He would often get very frustrated with my little sister when he tried to study (US) in order for him to study he use to give her a chocolate (UR) and she would smile and leave him to study. The chocolate is a positive reinforcement. Now six months later he has completed his matric and when she goes into his room she expects chocolate (CR). Now that my brother do not give her chocolate, when she goes into his room she begins to cry, and mom would get angry at my brother for making her cry. Mom do not realize that my brother has created a (CR) in my little sister behavior, since mom does not allow her to eat chocolate. Operant Conditioning known as Instrumental Conditioning: Was established by B.F.Skinner . However Skinner was also greatly influenced by the works of Ivan Pavlov on the conditioning reflux. (Skinner, 1970, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 360). Operant conditioning tries to contradict the belief that internal thoughts and mere inspirations which brings about learning in a behavior. Skinner thought that only exterior causes of behavior must be considered (Skinner, 1953, p. 65)) The term ââ¬Å"operantâ⬠was used by Skinner in order to give us a good suggestion of his theory and how he used it: (Skinner, 1953, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 365). Reinforcement: Is a procedure of increasing the frequency rate of a behavior by means of awarding a stimulus soon after the demonstration of the behavior. The event that strengthens the probability of the behavior to be recurring is called a reinforcer. According to Skinner, reinforcement can take two forms, which are called positive and negative reinforcement (Skinner, 1953, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 367). Positive Reinforcement: When my mom wanted me to do the dishes, she would say to me ââ¬Å"if you do the dishes for me, for the week than I will take you out shopping on Saturdayâ⬠. Naturally we would spend the day shopping and she would spoil me, but eventually without her asking me to do the dishes for her. I realized that she was tired after work and the least I could do was help her with the dishes. Negative reinforcement occurs when a reply is reinforced because it is followed by the elimination of an unfriendly stimulus. Example cleaning the house to get rid of the mess or wearing a safety belt whist driving to prevent an annoying sound (Skinner, 1953, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 367). Negative Reinforcement: I hated the fact that I needed to drive with my safety belt on, and I found that the annoying noise of the seatbelt would not stop until I buckled up which is an aversive stimulus since it encourage me to fasten my seat belt. Until I fasten the seatbelt, the annoying sound persisted I could not get rid of the aversive stimuli. Now days when I get into the car, the first thing I do is put my safety belt on. In both positive and negative reinforcement, behavior is increased, however negative reinforcement plays a key role in both escaping learning and avoidance learning (Skinner, 1953, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 367). In escape learning, a being obtain a response that decrease or ends some aversive stimulation example: my little sister wearing her shoes before going outside to play, this leads to: Avoidance learning in which an entity obtains a response that stops some aversive stimulation from happening example putting on shoes before you get an ammonia. Avoidance learning is a good way to see how classical conditioning and operant conditioning work together to regulate behavior. An example, shoes my sister needs to put on before she goes outside and play might become a classical conditioning (CS) that elicits a fear of wearing shoes in her. However the response of putting on her shoes is an operant behavior. This response is strengthened through negative reinforcement, because it reduces the personââ¬â¢s fear of getting sick. Thus in avoidance learning a fear response is acquired through classical conditioning and an avoidance response is maintained by operant conditioning. Punishment Is a process whereby a stimulus is used after the presentation of behavior and cause the decline in the possibility of the behavior to reoccur. In contrast to reinforcement there are also consequences that decrease a beingââ¬â¢s leaning to make a specific response. Positive punishment: Is the accumulation of something which affects the decrease in repeating the behavior that was displayed? Negative punishment, also known as punishment by removal, occurs when a favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs (Skinner, 1953, cited inRyckman, 2013, p. 368). When I was younger my sister and I slept in the same room and we often fought with each other about who slept on the top of the double bunk. Until my father got angry one day and sent us both to the naughty corner for two whole hours, and whilst sitting alone it decreased our behavior and we never fought again with each other about sleeping arrangements. Negative Punishment: Decreases the behavior from occurring, it is removing pleasant stimulus when someone is not doing the appropriate behavior. Eating food was one of my difficulties, since I rather looked forward to the deserts during super time, so I use to waste my food. Dad took away my spending and said I needed to learn to appreciate and feel what poor kids are going through. He even took me to the orphanage and I felt so bad, now I know not to waste food since there are so many kids out there who do not have food. My view on wasting food has changed. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING Is based on the work of Albert Bandura (1977). Bandura and his associates were able to exhibit through a variation of experimentations that the request of concerns was not necessary for learning to take place. Instead learning could happen through the simple procedure of observing someone elseââ¬â¢s actions or behavior. This effort provided the basis for Banduraââ¬â¢s future work in social cognition ( Ohman Mineka, 2001, cited in Weiten, 2014, p. 252). Bandura expressed his findings in a four step design which includes a cognitive and an operant view of learning. Attention- to learn observation, you must pay attention to another personââ¬â¢s behavior and its environment. Retention- you may not have times to observe response for a long time. Hence the individual remembers what was noticed and must store a mental image of what he has witnessed in his memory. Reproduction- the action that the individual produces that is a replica of what was noticed. Motivation your motivation depends on whether you encounter the situation in which you believe that the response is likely to pay off for you (Weiten, 2013, p. 252). My eldest brother (fifteen years old) use to skip school and smoke cigarettes. Whilst my younger brother who was (twelve years old) at the time observed what he was doing. When my younger brother turned (fourteen) he stated smoking cigarettes too. Thereafter he started modelling my eldest brotherââ¬â¢s behavior and he too started skipping school. Now both of them are addicted to smoking. I often hear both my brotherââ¬â¢s saying that smoking is not good, yet they keep smoking. And when their friends come over, they smoke even worst. I cannot fully understand the need for their smoking. However I do know that it is not good for their health, it clogs their lungs and some people also dies of lung cancer, besides I hate the bad odor in there breathe. My eldest brother was a good athlete at college but these days he complains that he cannot run like he used to, because he suffers of short breath and he coughs a lot to. I constantly tell him to quit smoking and he would stop for a day or two, and he would become very frustrated and annoying to be around. Eventually I would say to him ââ¬Å"you know, you should rather smoke because you are so annoying, your attitude really stinksâ⬠And he would say you know I cannot function without cigarettes it feels like my nerves are finished, I cannot even concentrate, I am trying to leave this addiction but it is not easy. Behavior Modification Is a therapeutic technique created by Skinner, a psychologist who is the ââ¬Å"Father of Behaviorism.â⬠Skinner established a theory of operant conditioning, whereby he states that all behavior is ruled by reinforcing and punishing stimuli. Behavior modification practices a planned approach that rewards wanted behavior and ââ¬Å"punishesâ⬠unwanted behavior. This technique is used in therapy and is used in psychological settings. Behavior modification is now known as Applied behavior analysis (ABA) which is more logical (Kransner, 1970, cited in Ryckman, 2013, p. 375). How Behavior Modification is applied: Psychologists use behavior modification to treat disorders such as attention deficit disorder, autism etc. The basics of behavior modification are used to increase the desired behaviors in any specific person, regardless of functional level (Tanaka- Matsumi et al., 2002 cited in Corey2014, p. 254). For example, a person wants to quit smoking cigarettes; he may use behavioral methods to help attain those goals. Another example is, an individual who sees a shark and swims for his life, and he is not swimming fast because he is ââ¬Å"scared.â⬠Instead, he is swimming fast because he saw what happened to otherââ¬â¢s who did not swim and who was eaten by the shark. The impulse to swim fast is a result of those that swam and did not live. In addition, the particular feeling of being ââ¬Å"scaredâ⬠is measured as a flight reflex, not a feeling. The heart races and adrenaline rises as the nervous system responds to the situation at hand. Hence, anything a person does can be directed to behavior modification. Reinforcement and Punishment The idea of reinforcement and punishment is often used in different ways, in behavior modification than in everyday linguistic. Whatever increases a behavior is a reflected reinforcement and whatever decreases the behavior is punishment. The complex part is that both reinforcement and punishment can have either a positive or negative outcome. Positive refers to whatever is added to the situation and negative is whatever is taken away from the situation (Watson Tharp, 1997, cited in Weiten, 2014, p. 260). Positive Reinforcement: When I was in school my mom would give me a huge hug and when I got really good marks she would reward me with presents for passing. Negative Reinforcement: My brother often did not do well at school, and he did not get any praises from my parents, instead my parents were disappointment and would often ground him. This is a negative reinforcement, because although he was not an academic student I feel my parents would still praise him and motivated him in whatever field he is good at. Punishment: Often my brother had to do the gardening for the duration of the school term in order for his grades to go up. This was dadââ¬â¢s way of punishing him positively. Mom use to take away his play station and his bicycle until his grades picked up. This was momââ¬â¢s way of punishing him negatively (Weiten, 2014, p. 260). Behavior Modification in Everyday Life: According to Lazaras (1989) behavior modification may seem complicated, but in fact it is actually quite simple. If an individual is reinforced every single time he or she does something good, sooner or later the reinforcement will lose its power. When using this technique with general people, one should reinforce the desired outcome, with a consistency. Then as they start to respond, change your schedule of reinforcement to every third time, and they will do what you want. After a while, change it again to every fifth time until they do it automatically (Lazaras 1989 cited in Corey, 2014). Mom wanted dad to open the car door for her. When they went out shopping she carried all the bags and when she got to the car, dad noticed that her hands were filled and he opened the door for her. Once he opened the door, she looked at him in the eye and told him what an amazing person he is. After several times of her encouraging him to open the door, eventually he started opening the car door for her regularly. And once she noticed that he was opening the door for her she did not compliment him every time. However once in a while she would complement him. Conclusion Both cognitive processes and behavior modification has been used with good outcomes to help people with a wide variety of problems. These approaches makes use of tangible, involvements, because of the way problems are recognized .The major methods are logical and straightforward. References Corey, G. (2014). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (SA ed.). USA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, Inc. Ryckman,R. M. (2013). Theories of Personality (10th, ed.). USA: International Edition, Cengage Learning. Corey, G. (1986).Theory and practice of group counselling and psychotherapy(3rd ed.). Monterey, CA Brooks/Cole. Weiten, W. (2014). Psychology Themes and Variations (SA. Ed.). Las Vegas, USA: Cengage Learning. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-25769363688948268512020-01-17T23:40:00.001-08:002020-01-17T23:40:04.599-08:00Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 28ââ¬Å"We need to act now,â⬠Damon said when we reached the line of trees next to the field. The forest floor was slick with leaves, and there was no sound, not even of animals. I'd spent the last minutes desperately racking my brain, trying to think of some way to save Katherine. But I couldn't. Our only hope was to enter the fray, say a prayer for Pearl and Anna, then focus on freeing Katherine. It would be incredibly dangerous. But there was no other way. ââ¬Å"Y es,â⬠I replied with an authority I did not feel. ââ¬Å"Are you ready?â⬠Without waiting for an answer, I deftly moved toward the forest border, guided by the faint sound of angry shouting. I could see the outline of the estate. Damon crept by my side. Suddenly I saw a large burst of flames erupt from the carriage house. I gasped, but Damon simply glared at me. Just then, I heard the strident voice of Jonathan Gilbert. ââ¬Å"Found another one!â⬠I crept closer to the edge of the forest, until I had a full view of Jonathan slamming Henry from the tavern against the back of the police wagon. Noah held one of his arms, while another guard I didn't recognize held the other one. Jonathan held out his compass, frowning. ââ¬Å"Stake him!â⬠he said. The guard drew his bayonet back and thrust it into the center of Henry's chest. Blood spurted as Henry shrieked into the night air. Henry slumped to his knees, his eyes wide and staring down at the bayonet lodged in his body. I turned toward Damon, both of us realizing that we didn't have any time to waste. Damon bit his lip, and I knew we were in this together. Even though we often acted differently, when it counted we thought the same way. Maybe thatââ¬âthe shorthand communication we had as brothersââ¬âwould be what would save us, and would save Katherine. ââ¬Å"Vampires!â⬠I yelled from the depths of the forest. ââ¬Å"We found one! Help!â⬠Damon called. Instantly, Noah and the other guard released their grip on Henry and ran toward us, their bayonets raised. ââ¬Å"Over there!â⬠Damon panted, pointing deep into the forest as the two guards stepped closer. ââ¬Å"There was a man. We only saw a dark shadow, but he tried to attack my brother.â⬠As if to illustrate his point, Damon traced the sticky path of blood that had pooled onto my collarbone from my neck. I reached my own hand to that spot in surprise. I'd forgotten that Katherine had bitten me. It seemed like a lifetime ago. The two guards looked at each other and nodded tersely. ââ¬Å"Y boys shouldn't be out here ou without weapons. We've got some in the wagon,â⬠without weapons. We've got some in the wagon,â⬠Noah called, before charging into the forest. ââ¬Å"Good,â⬠Damon said, almost under his breath. ââ¬Å"Let's go. And if you let me down, I'll kill you,â⬠he said, breaking away toward the wagon. I followed him, moving wholly by adrenaline. We reached the unguarded wagon. Low moans came from the inside. Damon kicked the back of the wagon open and leapt up to the platform. I followed, gagging when I entered. The scent of the wagon was acrid, a combination of blood and vervain and smoke. Bodies writhed in corners, but the wagon was pitch-black, making it impossible to tell whether the figures were vampires or humans or a combination of the two. ââ¬Å"Katherine!â⬠Damon hissed, leaning down and roughly touching each of the bodies in his search for her. ââ¬Å"Stefan?â⬠a weak voice called from the corner, and I forced myself to not lash out, to not spit in the direction of the voice, to not stare into those villainous eyes and tell her I hoped she got exactly what she deserved. ââ¬Å"Damon?â⬠the voice broke. ââ¬Å"Katherine. I'm here,â⬠Damon whispered, making his way toward the far end of the wagon. I continued to stand, as if glued to the spot. As my eyes adjusted to the dim light, I began seeing things that were more terrible than anything I'd ever seen in my worst dreams. On the floor of the wagon were almost a dozen bodies, some of people who I recognized from around town. Henry, a few regulars from the saloon, and even Dr. Janes. Some of the bodies had stakes in them, others had muzzles over their mouths, their hands and feet bound and their mouths seemingly frozen in wide O's of horror; some were simply curled up as if they were already dead. The sight changed me, changed everything. I took off my hat and knelt down roughly, praying to God or whoever would listen to please save them. I remembered Anna's kitten-like cries, the dull fear in Pearl's eyes. Y they couldn't live here, but es, why did Father have to condone this brutal treatment? No one deserved to die like this, not even monsters. Why couldn't it be enough to simply run them out of town? Damon knelt down, and I rushed toward his side. Katherine was lying on her back, ropes binding her arms and legs. The ropes must have been covered with vervain, because there were terrible burns on the patches of skin that touched the twine. A leather mask covered her face, and her hair was matted with dried blood. I stood back, not wanting to touch her or even look at her, as Damon set to work untying the muzzle. Once she was free, I couldn't help but notice her teeth, her fangs, her true nature, obvious in a way I'd never seen before. But Damon was gazing at her as if in a trance. He gently brushed the hair off her face and slowly leaned in to kiss her lips. ââ¬Å"Thank you,â⬠said Katherine simply. That was it. And watching them, the way Katherine's fingers stroked Damon's hair, the way Damon cried into her collarbone, I knew that this was true love. As they continued to gaze into each other's eyes, I pulled my knife out of my pocket and gently tried to cut the ropes that bound her. I worked slowly and carefully, knowing that any additional contact with the ropes would cause her even more pain. ââ¬Å"Hurry!â⬠Damon whispered, sitting on his heels as he watched me work. I freed one arm, then another. Katherine sighed shakily, shrugging her shoulders up and down as if to make sure they still worked. ââ¬Å"Help!â⬠cried a pale, thin woman I didn't recognize. She was huddled in the very back of the wagon. ââ¬Å"We'll be back,â⬠I said, lying through my teeth. We wouldn't be back. Damon and Katherine had to escape, and I had to â⬠¦ well, I had to help them. ââ¬Å"Stefan?â⬠Katherine said weakly as she struggled to her feet. Damon instantly rushed to her side and supported her fragile body. Just then, I heard footfalls near the wagon. ââ¬Å"Escape!â⬠one of the guards called. ââ¬Å"We need backup. There's been a breach in the wagon!â⬠ââ¬Å"Run!â⬠I called, pushing Damon and Katherine in the opposite direction of the guard. ââ¬Å"No escape! All clear!â⬠I shouted into the darkness, hoping that people would believe me as I hopped off the wagon. I saw the explosion of gunpowder before I heard the shot. A loud wail rent the night air, followed quickly by another booming shot. Heart in my throat, I ran around the wagon, already knowing what I'd see. ââ¬Å"Damon!â⬠I cried. He lay on the ground, blood oozing from his gut. Yanking off my shirt, I put the linen on the wound to stanch the bleeding. I knew it was no use, but still I held the fabric to his chest. ââ¬Å"Don't shut your eyes, brother. Stay with me.â⬠ââ¬Å"No â⬠¦ Katherine. Save her â⬠¦,â⬠Damon rasped, his head flopping toward the damp ground. I glanced, wild-eyed, from the truck to the woods. The two guards were sprinting back, Jonathan Gilbert behind them. I stood up, and instantly my body was met with the explosive, piercing, agonizing hit of a bullet. I felt my chest exploding, felt the cool night air whoosh past my body as I fell back, onto my brother. I opened my eyes and looked up at the moon, and then everything faded to black. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-79345705753730109032020-01-09T20:01:00.001-08:002020-01-09T20:01:04.039-08:00The Key Variables Of The Study Of Student Competency... Procedure The key variables of the study, student competency proficiency, were based on ten core competencies of EPAS (CSWE, 2012). Total 19 competencies were included in the survey, using a six-point Likert scale. Students were required to rate their competency proficiency on the scale from 1 (very little know) to 6 (substantial amount know) on Survey Monkey. Three assessments used a uniform survey for three different times. Prior to the course, each student was required to complete the first assessment. At the end of the course, students were invited to complete two assessments, the post-test and the retrospect-test, which asked students to look back to the beginning of the course. Students were explained that their participation in the assessments were voluntary, which focuses on helping them assess their competencies from different time perspectives, as well as helping instructors improve the course. The leading instructor and the teaching assistant, who conducted the study, comp lied the rules of human subject protection approved by the University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board. All data were transformed from Survey Monkey platform to SPSS files. The teaching assistant cleaned the data sets, matched the data of pre-test, post-test, and retrospect-test using student IDs, and merged eligible data from six data sets of six classes into one data set. Totally 48 matched observations were used to analyze using paired t-test. Paired t-test were used to examineShow MoreRelatedEssay on Unemployment5401 Words à |à 22 PagesCHARACTERISTICS AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A STUDY AMONG MALAYSIAN GRADUATES Associate Professor Dr. Noor Azina Ismail Department of Applied Statistics Faculty of Economics and Administration University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: nazina@um.edu.my, Phone: +603 79673638 Abstract The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of graduatesââ¬â¢ characteristics on the chance of being employed. A total of 3,025 Malaysian graduates involved in the study and data were analyzed usingRead MoreSpeech On Choice Behaviors Of Students1971 Words à |à 8 PagesSummary 1. Name and Surname Miss Sudarat Mapamo Student Code 561611139 2. Title Multilanguage Choice Behaviors of Students of Chiang Mai University 3. Statement of the problems Languages are increasingly important with globalization. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) liberalizes both good and factor markets. It becomes easier for Thai workers to work aboard. To take advantage of such opportunities, languages can be a key to success for students in this generation. There are 196 countries in theRead MoreTeaching Competencies in Relation to Students Academic Performance in Spamast-Cas (Ungax Research)3603 Words à |à 15 PagesProfessional competence also necessitates skills such as subject application, classroom methodology, classroom management, assessment and recording and undertaking a wider role. In America, the teaching competencies of under- certified school teachers were compared to the teaching competencies of regularly certified school teachers. Results indicate that the studentââ¬â¢s academic performance of under-certified teachers did not perform significantly well compared with the studentââ¬â¢s academic performanceRead MoreThe Quest For Effective Leadership1824 Words à |à 8 Pagesand beliefs among the entire organization. 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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management By: Wendell Galapate Mau Bryan Calimlim Alvin Pancito Robert Charles Magno Rodrigo Tinaja Jr. Heizel Bisnan Lea Sojor Jenelyn Soriano Aisha Valencia Clarisse Hipolito Ian VictoRead MoreJetblue Case Study3055 Words à |à 13 PagesRunning à Head: à HUMAN à RESOURCES à MANAGEMENT à AT à JETBLUE à à à 1 à à Human Resources Management Analysis JetBlue Airways Case Study: JetBlue Airways: Starting from Scratch (Gittell Oââ¬â¢Reilly, 2001) Running à Head: à HUMAN à RESOURCES à MANAGEMENT à AT à JETBLUE 2 à à à à à Abstract à à This à paper à identifies à the à various à impacts à of à Equal à Employment à Opportunity à (EEO) à lawsRead MoreDropping Out Of High School3487 Words à |à 14 Pagesthere was a high likelihood that these students will drop out (Egyed, McIntosh, Bull, 1998, p. 153). Today, dropping out of high school early is a serious problem for both students and society. 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Although much of the early research was focused on pedagogical applications, in recent years the orientation has realigned to more theoreticalRead MoreInternational Organization For Standardization : Ehr1766 Words à |à 8 Pagesform, stored and exchanged securely, and accessible by multiple authorized users. It contains retrospective, concurrent, and prospective information and its primary purpose is to support continuing, efficient, and quality integrated health. Many studies conducted in different health care settings have indicated that EHR will assist health professionals to reduce medical errors, achieve better effective care coordination, improve safety and quality, and also, it can reduce health care costs (Ash joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-76401402679805296242020-01-01T16:27:00.001-08:002020-01-01T16:27:04.240-08:00CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER Free Essay Example, 2000 words Compared to their benign counterparts, malignant tumors that have cells that are undifferentiated are identified as Anaplasic, broadly speaking, this refers to cells exhibiting a loss of functional and morphological differentiation which would be otherwise present in normal cells. Such cells also exhibit Pleomorphism i. e. clear variation in shape and size. They have nuclei which are large and hyperchromatic and can be clearly identified by their dark stain. An increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio together with abnormally large nucleoli and chromatin that is thick and clumped is observed. It is interesting to note that they also have an abnormal mitotic process in which multiple anarchic spindles are observed, particularly in quadripolar and tripolar forms. A greater degree of anaplasia corresponds to a more aggressive tumor whereas a well differentiated tumor indicates a less aggressive tumor. A. Carcinoma is a malignant tumor that manifests in the epithelium and has multiple variations. These include: i) Squamous cell carcinoma: They are identified by their distinct production of Keratin and are found in the stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth, skin, and vagina and in the regions of squamous metaplasia, particularly in the squamocolumnar junctions of the uterine cervix and in the bronchi. We will write a custom essay sample on CHARACTERISTICS OF CANCER or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now ii) Transitional cell carcinoma: They develop in the transitional cell epithelium of the urinary tract. iii) Adenocarcinoma: They are particularly found in the glandular epithelium and therefore include tumors of the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal region, the endometrium and the pancreas. Often found in correlation with the tumor-induced spread of non-neoplastic fibrous connective tissue, namely in the adenocarcinoma of the prostate, breasts and the pancreas, which is otherwise known as Desmoplasia. B. Sarcoma: It is a tumor that has its origins in the mesenchymal layer. Different manifestations include Osteosarcoma (bone), rhabdmyosarcoma (skeletal muscle), leiomyosarcoma (smooth muscle) and liposarcoma (fatty tissue). C. Teratoma: It is a neoplasm which is composed of different tissue types, usually the three germ layers, none of which are present in its region of occurrence. Usually found in the ovaries or testis. D. Eponymous tumors: Namely Burkitts lymphoma, Hodgkin disease and Wilms tumor. Benign Tumors: Benign tumors are characterized by their slow growth and lack of metastasis in contrast to malignant tumors, similarity to the tissue of their origin and a great degree of differentiation. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-55955320414069279492019-12-24T12:13:00.001-08:002019-12-24T12:13:02.157-08:00Analysis Of The Movie The River - 792 Words Characters Name Role in story Significance Adjectives Robert Walton Walton is the adventurous sailor who is sailing north and spots Victor in the water. He picks Victor up and cares for him and restores his health. Walton is the one writing Victorââ¬â¢s story in a series of letters to Margaret Saville, his sister. He shares similar qualities with Victor, which is the reason Victor shares his story. Victor feared that since they are both ambitious and determined, Walton would experience a similar fate. â⬠¢ Ambitious â⬠¢ Adventurous â⬠¢ Determined Victor Frankenstein The protagonist and is featured as the main point of view during the story. Victor is a smart and determined man who fabricates a creature. The creature agonizes him and destroys hisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¢ Disgusting â⬠¢ Agile â⬠¢ Hateful Henry Clerval Victorââ¬â¢s best friend who is by his side throughout the book and nurses him back to health after spending countless nights creating the creature. Clerval was always there for Victor at his darkest times. He cheered Victor up when he felt depressed and weak. An impact is felt when he passes because he lost his dearest childhood friend and it made another hole in his heart along with Justine, William, and Elizabeth. â⬠¢ Loyal â⬠¢ Understanding â⬠¢ Optimistic Alphonse Frankenstein Victorââ¬â¢s loving father who misunderstands him. His father does the best he can to console his son, Victor, when he is feeling depressed. He reinforces the ideas and the importance of family. â⬠¢ Respected â⬠¢ Caring â⬠¢ Supportive Caroline Beaufort Frankenstein Victorââ¬â¢s mother, who died of scarlet fever when Victor was 17 years old. She was focused on giving back to the community and helping people. Since she died when Victor was relatively young, she made an impact on his life. She could have inspired Victorââ¬â¢s obsession on bringing the dead back to life. â⬠¢ Benevolent â⬠¢ Loving â⬠¢ Selfless William Frankenstein Victorââ¬â¢s younger brother who is killed by ââ¬Å"the creatureâ⬠William is the first of the deaths resulting in Victorââ¬â¢s creature. His death gives Victor extreme guilt. His death goes along with the execution of Justine because the creature framed Justine for the murder of little William. â⬠¢ Innocent â⬠¢ Youthful â⬠¢ Care-free Justine joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-17960450063132022372019-12-16T08:42:00.001-08:002019-12-16T08:42:06.187-08:00Bite Me A Love Story Chapter 5 Free Essays 5. The Further Chronicles of Abby Normal, Miserable, Broken-hearted Emo-ho of the Night ââ¬ËKayso, who is outside my door but Baroness Buzzkill herself, the Motherbot, accompanied by those most crapacious homicide cops, Rivera and Cavuto. So Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Oh joy, does this caffeine fresh clusterfuck come with donuts?â⬠Which it turned out, it didnââ¬â¢t, so really, WTF is the point of bringing cops? And the Mombot is all, ââ¬Å"You canââ¬â¢t do this, and who is this boy, and where have you been, and you have no right, and blah, blah, blah, responsibility, worried sick, youââ¬â¢re a horrible, horrible person and you ruined my life with your platform boots and your piercings. We will write a custom essay sample on Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â⬠Okay, those werenââ¬â¢t her exact words, but the subtext was there. And in retrospect, I may have erred in using the ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m sleeping over at Lilyââ¬â¢s houseâ⬠gambit for two months running, when I was, in fact, living in my own trs cool love lair with a mysterious love ninja. So I decided to turn the tables on her by asking questions, before she got in the rhythm of grilling me and heaping me with mom guilt. So Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"How did you find me?â⬠And the dark, Hispano cop steps up, and heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"I called her.â⬠So I rolled up in his grill. Well, up in the knot of his tie, because heââ¬â¢s taller than me. And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"I canââ¬â¢t believe you ratted me out. You traitorous fuck!â⬠And the cop gets all chilly and heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not a traitor because Iââ¬â¢m not on your side, Allison.â⬠Using my day-slave name, just to fuck with me. So Iââ¬â¢m all thinking, Okay, cop, I can see that you believe that your shit cannot be shaken, and you are totally trying to come off all sly and badass in front of the Mombot so she might do you a good long time? I know-mating rituals of the ancient and crusty-makes you barf in your mouth a little, huh? So I go over to the big gay cop, and Iââ¬â¢m all soft-spoken little-girl voice, ââ¬Å"I thought we were on the same side because-well-because we know about the nosferatu, and all that money you got from his art collection. Weââ¬â¢re not? Iââ¬â¢m crushed.â⬠Totally hand to forehead, fake-heartbreak fainting. I was going to cry a little, but my mascara was lined up like the spikes on the gates of hell, and I didnââ¬â¢t want it to go raccoon on me so early in the day, so only a sniffle. I wiped my nose on the big gay copââ¬â¢s sleeve. And the Momster is all, ââ¬Å"What? What? Nosferatu? What? Money? What?â⬠And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Excuse us a moment, Mrs. Green, we need to have a word with Allison.â⬠So the Mombot starts to go into the bedroom and Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Oh I donââ¬â¢t think so. You can wait outside,â⬠or something like that, because it turns out I didnââ¬â¢t want her to see the inner sanctum of our love nest, because sheââ¬â¢s a nurse and seeing the dog collars, test tubes, centrifuge, and whatnot might give her the wrong idea. (Foo and I like to get our mad scientist freak on in the privacy of the boudoir.) So Mom steps outside. And Foo is all, ââ¬Å"Owned, bitches!â⬠And he did a pathetic imitation of my own superb booty dance of ownage, and I was, at once, touched by his support, yet embarrassed by his tragic lack of rhythm and booticuity. And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Allison, how did you know about the money and the old vampyre and the yacht and you have no proof and blah, blah, I so canââ¬â¢t decide whether Iââ¬â¢m the good cop or the bad cop, or if Iââ¬â¢m going to still pretend to be badass or totally crap my pants from the verbal death grip you just put on my man sac, blah, blah.â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"I know it all, cop,â⬠popping the p in cop because it makes both of them flinch a little. ââ¬Å"You need to exit and take the Mombot home or I will be forced to expose your evil shit to your masters, and not in the fun way.â⬠And the Hispano cop was all chill, nodding and smiling, which harshed my confidence somewhat. And heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"That so, Allison? Well, Mr. Wong here is twenty-one, and you are still a minor, so among other things, we can take him in for contributing to the delinquency of a minor, kidnapping, and statutory rape.â⬠And he folds his arms all, ââ¬Å"Take that, bee-atch.â⬠Hip-hop superior. So Iââ¬â¢m like, ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re right, he is totally taking advantage of my innocence. Foo, you ginormous perve!â⬠Then I slapped him, but for the drama, not because he might think I was a slut. ââ¬Å"I should have known when you had me shave my va-jay-jay into the shape of a beaver!â⬠And Fooââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"I did not!â⬠ââ¬Å"Pervy and redundant, donââ¬â¢t you think?â⬠I asked the big gay cop, who wouldnââ¬â¢t know a va-jay-jay if it bounced up to him and sang the ââ¬Å"Star-Spangled Banner.â⬠(You ever notice that hardly anything besides the ââ¬Å"Star-Spangled Bannerâ⬠is spangled? Thereââ¬â¢s no, like, the Raisin-Spangled Scone, or the Flea-Spangled Beagle. Iââ¬â¢m just saying.) So, I, like, start to pull up my skirt to further freak him out, like Iââ¬â¢m going to flash the beav, which was a bluff, because I am totally trimmed bat-shape and dyed lavender and I was wearing my hot-pink fishnets, which are full-on tights and put the PG-13 on my no-no place. But instead of hiding his head and screaming like a little bitch, which is what I was going for, the big gay cop is across the room and has Foo in handcuffs in like seconds, cranking them down tight. So Foo is all, ââ¬Å"Ow! Ow! Ow!â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m heartsick at his suffering, so Iââ¬â¢m like, ââ¬Å"Unhand him, you fascist-ass bear.â⬠And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Allison, we need to come to an understanding, or your boyfriend is going to jail, and even if the charges donââ¬â¢t stick, he can kiss his masterââ¬â¢s degree good-bye.â⬠Powned! I was forced to lower my skirt in defeat. Fooââ¬â¢s eyes were all anime-huge and started to get tear-spangled, and my noble love ninja looked all pleading to me like, ââ¬Å"Please, do not abandon me, despite my obvious emo tendencies.â⬠So Iââ¬â¢m like, ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢ll give you a hundred thousand dollars to leave our love lair like nothing happened.â⬠And Rivera is like, ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re not interested in your money.â⬠And gay bear cop is like, ââ¬Å"Wait, where did you get that kind of money, anyway?â⬠And Rivera is like, ââ¬Å"Never mind, Nick, itââ¬â¢s not about money.â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m like, ââ¬Å"OMG Rivera, your bad cop skills suck ass. Itââ¬â¢s always about the money. Donââ¬â¢t you have a TV?â⬠And heââ¬â¢s like, ââ¬Å"What happened out there this morning?â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"You know, vampyre kitties, meter maid sucked to dust, samurai in orange socks, Abbyââ¬â¢s kung-fu of solar ass-kicking.â⬠Then to Foo: ââ¬Å"Foo, the jacket is the sickest shit ever!â⬠ââ¬Å"Which is a good thing,â⬠Foo translated for the cops. And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Vampyre cats? Thatââ¬â¢s what the Emperor said.â⬠ââ¬ËKayso, itââ¬â¢s clear that the cops have doubts, so I explain the whole battle, and Fooââ¬â¢s theory of how Chet is making vampyre kitties, and how we are pretty much fucked nine ways to Kwanzaa because itââ¬â¢s the end of the world and whatnot, and there are metric buttloads of kitties in the City, and only two fly, vampyre-frying solar jackets, mine and Fooââ¬â¢s, and we are being detained by law enforcement assbags instead of saving humanity. So Riveraââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"What about Flood and the redhead? You helped them, right?â⬠Kudos to Inspector Obvious, weââ¬â¢re only living in their loft, spending their money, and hanging our damp towels on their bronzed bodies. I was all, ââ¬Å"They left. All the vampyres left. Didnââ¬â¢t you talk to the Emperor? He saw them get on a boat at the Marina?â⬠ââ¬Å"The Emperor isnââ¬â¢t the most dependable witness,â⬠Rivera says. ââ¬Å"And he didnââ¬â¢t say anything about those two, but I find it hard to believe that a cat, even a vampyre cat, even a gang of vampyre house cats took down a full-grown parking enforcement officer.â⬠So I was like, ââ¬Å"Chet is not a normal vampyre kitty. Heââ¬â¢s huge. More huge than normal. Heââ¬â¢s getting huger. If you donââ¬â¢t let Foo work his mad science skills to cure him, by next week Chet might be dry-humping the Transamerica Pyramid.â⬠Foo was nodding like a manga-haired bobblehead. He was all, ââ¬Å"Truth.â⬠The big gay Cavuto cop is all, ââ¬Å"Can you do that, kid? Can you put this shit storm back in the box?â⬠ââ¬Å"Absolutely,â⬠says Foo, when he totally has no clue how to catch Chet. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll need some time, but leave the handcuffs on, because thatââ¬â¢s how I work best.â⬠Foo can be most sarcastic when faced with day dwellers less intelligent than himself, which is almost everyone. ââ¬ËKayso, Rivera takes the sleeve of my jacket and starts turning it over, looking at it, all Neanderthal discovers fire face. And heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Can you make one of these in a leather sport coat? Forty long?â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Are you coming on to me?â⬠And he gagged a little (which was mean), and heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"No. I am definitely not coming on to you, Allison. Not only are you the most irritating creature on the planet, you are a child.â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"A child?! A child?! Do these belong to a child?â⬠And I pulled up my top and flashed him. And not just a flash, a full, glorious boobosity. And he didnââ¬â¢t say anything. So I turned my headlights on Foo and the big gay cop. And theyââ¬â¢re all, ââ¬Å"Um-uhr-uhr-um-ââ¬Å" Iââ¬â¢m like, ââ¬Å"Et tu, Foo?â⬠Which is Shakespearean for, ââ¬Å"You traitor!â⬠And I ran into the bedroom and locked the door. I was kind of wishing Iââ¬â¢d taken a hostage, except really the only weapon I had was a jacket with little light warts all over it, so I was limited to being dangerous to vampyres and emos who get their feelings hurt really easily by my snarky wit. ââ¬ËKayso, then I stared into the dark abyss that is the meaninglessness of human existence, because there was nothing on cable. And in searching the depths of my soul, I saw that I must stop using sex as a weapon, and that I must only use my powers of seduction for good, unless Foo wants to do something freaky, in which case, I can have him sign a waiver. Now, I realize that the only way for me to righteously explore my strength as a woman is to become nosferatu. And since the Countess and Lord Flood wouldnââ¬â¢t bring me into the fold, I must find my own way to the blood power. ââ¬ËKayso, in a few minutes Riveraââ¬â¢s at the door all, ââ¬Å"Allison, I think youââ¬â¢d better come out here.â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Oh no, Inspector, I canââ¬â¢t open the door. Iââ¬â¢ve taken all these pills and everythingââ¬â¢s all wiggly. Youââ¬â¢ll have to break the door down.â⬠Then Fooââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Abby, please come out. I need you.â⬠He used his Iââ¬â¢m sad, wounded, and locked in the castle tower with all my powers gone voice, which I didnââ¬â¢t even know he had, but it was tragic and I had to come out and humble myself before the cops like a little bitch, despite my new resolve to partake of the dark gift. So Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"What?â⬠And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Allison, we have an agreement with Mr. Wong. He will stay here and work on a solution to the cat problem, and in return for our not filing charges, you both will say nothing to anyone about our previous-uh-adventures, with Mr. Flood, Ms. Stroud, and any other persons of the blood-drinking persuasion. Nor will we mention any funds that may have changed hands, and who may be in possession of said funds. Agreed?â⬠Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Sweet!â⬠ââ¬Å"And you have to go home and live with your mother and sister,â⬠the evil Hispano cop continued. And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"No way!â⬠And all three of them are shaking their heads at me. And Foo, who is out of handcuffs now, is all, ââ¬Å"Abby, you have to go with them. Youââ¬â¢re still a minor and your mom will chuck a spaz if they donââ¬â¢t bring you home.â⬠ââ¬Å"And if that happens, weââ¬â¢ll have no choice but to drop a hammer on Mr. Wong,â⬠said Cavuto. And Fooââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"And to defend ourselves weââ¬â¢ll have to tell everyone about everything. So weââ¬â¢ll all be hosed and meanwhile, Chet the huge shaved cat will own the City, plus our relationship and stuff would be strained.â⬠And by ââ¬Å"and stuff,â⬠Foo meant that we would lose the love lair and no one would take care of Tommy and Jody, and Foo would have to become love ninja to some big guy in prison. We were owned. I was all, ââ¬Å"I blame my mother.â⬠I offered my wrists to Rivera for the cuffs. And they were all nodding, and ââ¬Å"Sure,â⬠and ââ¬Å"That works for me.â⬠And ââ¬Å"Yeah, Iââ¬â¢m good with that.â⬠But Rivera didnââ¬â¢t put the cuffs on me. And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Can we have a minute to say good-bye?â⬠And Rivera nods, so I start to lead Foo into the bedroom. And Rivera is all, ââ¬Å"Out here.â⬠So I unzip Fooââ¬â¢s pants. And Cavuto grabs my arm and starts to drag me away, so I was forced to give Foo only a minor good-bye kiss that brushed his lips like a breeze from the tomb and left a little bit of a black lipstick streak on his cheek. And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"I will never forget you, Foo. They may tear us asunder, but our love will endure for eternity.â⬠And heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Call me when you get home.â⬠And Iââ¬â¢m all, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll text you on the way.â⬠And heââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Abby Normal, you rock my stripy socks.â⬠Which was totally romantic, because he doesnââ¬â¢t wear stripy socks. I cried and my mascara melted in sorrow. Then Cavutoââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Oh for fuckââ¬â¢s sake.â⬠And he starts to lead me out the door, but turns to Foo and goes, ââ¬Å"Is that your tricked-out yellow Honda downstairs?â⬠And Foo is all, ââ¬Å"Yeah.â⬠And Cavutoââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"You know itââ¬â¢s full of rats, right?â⬠And Fooââ¬â¢s all, ââ¬Å"Yeah.â⬠And so I am a prisoner of the dreaded Motherbot and Foo faces the menace of Chet alone. Gotta jet, my sister, Ronnie, is asleep and Iââ¬â¢m going to Magic Marker a pentagram on her shaved head. L8erz. RIVERA As they were walking away from delivering Abby Normal and her mother to the apartment building in the Fillmore, Cavuto said, ââ¬Å"You know, if Iââ¬â¢d had Allison there around when I came out to my dad, I think he would have understood a lot more why I like guys.â⬠ââ¬Å"If the vampire catsââ¬â¢ victims turn to dust, most wonââ¬â¢t even be reported unless someone sees the attack,â⬠Rivera said, hoping Cavutoââ¬â¢s train of thought would head on to the next station. ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢s so obnoxious,â⬠said Cavuto. ââ¬Å"Like a whole Saturday night drunk tank full of obnoxious packed into one little body.â⬠ââ¬Å"Maybe if we get a cadaver dog,â⬠said Rivera. ââ¬Å"Okay, but donââ¬â¢t bitch about how the car smells later, because I want chili and onions.â⬠ââ¬Å"What the fuck are you talking about?â⬠ââ¬Å"Cadaver dogs. You were saying we should go to the ballpark and get cadaver dogs for lunch.â⬠ââ¬Å"I was saying no such thing. I was saying we should get a dog thatââ¬â¢s trained to sniff out cadavers to help us find the clothing of the victims.â⬠ââ¬Å"Oh,â⬠said Cavuto, who didnââ¬â¢t want to think about vampires. ââ¬Å"Sure, that makes sense. So, Barneyââ¬â¢s Burgers for lunch then?â⬠ââ¬Å"You buy,â⬠Rivera said, as he popped the locks on the unmarked Ford and climbed in. They drove eight blocks down Fillmore Street toward the Marina, before Cavuto said, ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢s right, you know? I am a bear.â⬠Rivera put on his sunglasses and took a few seconds adjusting them on his face to buy time before he answered with a sigh. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m glad you decided to come clean about that, Nick, because observing your six-foot-three-inch, two-hundred-and-sixty-pound, growling gay personage for the last fourteen years would have never betrayed your true identity, given my dull, homicide detective powers of observation.â⬠ââ¬Å"Your sarcasm is the main reason Alice left you.â⬠ââ¬Å"Really?â⬠Rivera had wondered. Alice had said because he was too much of a cop and not enough of a husband, but he had suspicions about her testimony. ââ¬Å"No, but Iââ¬â¢m sure it was on the list.â⬠ââ¬Å"Nick, in all our time as partners, have I ever indicated that I wanted to discuss your sexuality?â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, not beyond using it to threaten suspects.â⬠ââ¬Å"And have I ever offered to share the details of my sex life with Alice?â⬠ââ¬Å"I just assumed you didnââ¬â¢t have one.â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, thatââ¬â¢s not really relevant. Iââ¬â¢m just saying, Iââ¬â¢m fine with you just the way you are.â⬠ââ¬Å"Mantastic, you mean?â⬠ââ¬Å"Sure, go with that. Although I was thinking more of large and furry, yet afraid of tiny girls.â⬠ââ¬Å"Well, you canââ¬â¢t hit her, sheââ¬â¢s a kid,â⬠Cavuto whined. They found parking in a garage near Barneyââ¬â¢s. Rivera pulled into a no-parking spot (because he could) and shut off the engine. He sat back and looked at the wall in front of them. ââ¬Å"So, vampire cats,â⬠Cavuto said. ââ¬Å"Yeah,â⬠said Rivera. ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re fucked,â⬠said the big cop. ââ¬Å"Yeah,â⬠said Rivera. How to cite Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 5, Essay examples joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-23710332511397338212019-12-08T05:26:00.001-08:002019-12-08T05:26:03.336-08:00Entrepreneurship Design Question: Critically analyse what drives someone towards entrepreneurship Working individually, you will need to research on Henry Ford as entrepreneur in order to understand what factors have motivated, to become entrepreneurs. You will need to critically evaluate these factors against current academic perspectives of entrepreneurial motivation from psychological, sociological and economic disciplines. Answer: 1. Introduction Entrepreneurship is one of the processes of designing the new business that concludes startup a new company that offer several products, processes or the services. As per the viewpoint of Baron (2012), an entrepreneur mostly perceives a new business opportunity as often reveals biases in the overall perception along with some subsequent decision in order to exploit several opportunities. Therefore, it can be said of entrepreneurship is highly glorified in the society today. In this particular text, focus would be shed on Henry Ford, as he has been one of the promising entrepreneurs in the history. In order to understand the concept, the entire study would be made from several perspectives as well as some motivational factors. Bygrave and Zacharakis (2011) have opined that entrepreneurship is a tough game and this is certainly not meant for those who cannot withstand any difficult times in the business. 2. Driving factors towards entrepreneurship In this part, it is highly important to discuss about some motivational factors that drive a person towards entrepreneurship. It can be said that all the entrepreneurs possess their own respective styles as well as journeys to start their new business. However, it is no doubt to say that there are certain specific factors that play pivotal role in order to motivate as well as inspire people to own a start up (Cressy, Cumming and Mallin 2012). Therefore, the motivational factors have been discussed here in details to understand the situation clearly. 2.1 Passion for the work Ford, Albion and Segal (2013) has said that an entrepreneur is required to know that how to take the calculative risks in the work field that sometimes involve several things at stake. Therefore, it can be easily said that the courage of taking risks generally comes from inner side as well as faith on passion. In this case, it is no doubt to say that the faith and courage comes when a person has passion towards something. Therefore, it can be easily said that passion is one of the key factors that drives people towards entrepreneurship. 2.2 Self-Reliance Self-reliance is another major motivating factor that has significantly driven more than half of the world population towards entrepreneurship. It has been found that most of the times not having freedom to do the work and asking for permission from the higher authority play major role for those persons who love freedom and this becomes one of the key factors to start a new business. Frese, Rousseau and Wiklund (2014) have opined that the entrepreneurs are very creative people and for anything, they do not want to slow down their creativity and thus freedom as well as self-reliance is highly required. 2.3 Feeling of the achievement It is the pride and sense of accomplishment that tends to satisfy the needs and demands of a entrepreneur. In entrepreneurship, it is all about doing the best for the customers, striving very hard for achieving excellence in all the endeavors drives all the entrepreneurs to start a new venture or a company (Ijorita 2014). 2.4 Sense of Control Kalantaridis and Fletcher (2012) have opined that a string sense of control over the things in the organization comes across the most profound reasons for a person who wants to become an entrepreneur. It has been observed that most of the entrepreneurs get highly fascinated by the sense of immense security that automatically comes in being the own boss. Therefore, it can be said that it is the sense of security as well as control that tends to help in the driving the entrepreneurship skills and performances of a person. Mara (2009) has stated in the work that being an entrepreneur in the work field is one of the great feelings and the entrepreneur are required to have enough passion as well as determination to get success. Therefore, it can be easily said that these motivational factors play the role of the driving factors for a person to become an entrepreneur (Kalantaridis and Fletcher 2012). 3. Henry Ford as an entrepreneur In case of Henry Ford, it is called that Henry Ford is the man who taught America to drive, as he is the founder of Ford Motor Company. American industrialist and the founder of the Ford Motor Company has the power to foresight the revolution in the transportation industry as well as enable several people to purchase their first card from the company. As per the viewpoint of Henry Ford, innovation without the proper execution is nothing but just hallucination and he has said that innovation = success (Ford and Crowther 1973). From the success story of Henry Ford, it can be said that ir is important to remember that Ford was not the innovator, he was an inventor and thus, history remembers him as a powerful entrepreneur. From the perspective of an entrepreneur, it can be said that Ford did not invent the automobile or assembly line, but what he did is that he revolutionized the way in which there were produced as well as utilized in the daily life. Most importantly, he had the vision to concentrate on something that already existed and he used to improve that existing product and resell the modified product as a new one (Ford and Faurote 1929). Therefore, it can be said that this is one of the features that is highly significant to learn from Henry Ford. Modifications as well as improvement are two major parts of an entrepreneur that help them to become one of the prominent entrepreneurs in the work field. Therefore, it can be easily said that Henry Ford is widely regarded as one of the well accepted as well as greatest innovators and industrialists of all the time (Morris 2010). From a very early age, Ford knew that the mass production was the answer to providing the products for the benefit of all the people and most importantly, he leaned from the mistakes and this is one of the key features of a successful entrepreneur (Ford 1989). 4. Motivational factors 4.1 Psychological Discipline Ford, Albion and Segal (2013) has said that although entrepreneurship is generally associated with the fields of administration, economy and management, it is being a broad subject as well as conceptual field that is studied under the field of psychology. It has been found that the psychology over entrepreneurship have played one of the major roles not only for the detailed consideration of the overall concept, but the wider meaning that is used presently. Therefore, behind a successful entrepreneur, there are several psychological factors can be witnessed. Publishing (2014) has found that entrepreneurship psychology indicates several interaction points between the organizational psychology and entrepreneurship. Passion for the work, self-reliance, felling of accomplishment, personal growth with the course of time, sense of control are some of the major psychological factors that affect a person to become a successful entrepreneur in the career (Short 2014). 4.2 Sociological Discipline The proper emergence as well as the development of entrepreneurship has become one of the important phenomenons in the contemporary economies and in this part, sociological factors are considered as highly important factors. The environment in which the entrepreneur has been working is considered as one of the important sociological factors. Government assistance as well as proper support, availability of labor along with the proper supply of the raw materials, encouragement from the big business houses, and promising demand for the specific product are some of the sociological factors that play major role to the entrepreneur. Smallbone and Welter (2012) have opined that entrepreneurs are the sum total of their life experience and thus there exist no single entrepreneurial personality and the sociological factors affect this part largely. The dynamic natured entrepreneurial behaviors are largely shaped by several sociological factors in the society. 4.3 Economic Discipline Economic conditions as well as factors leave both positive and negative influences on entrepreneurship, the positive factors influences the comprise facilitative as well as conductive conditions for the easy emergence of entrepreneurship and on the other hand, negative influences create the inhibiting environment towards the emergence of entrepreneurship. Weber (2012) has shown in his work that the economic environments exercise the most important direct as well as immediate influence on entrepreneurship. Therefore, it can be said that this is likely because those people who become entrepreneurs because of some necessaries at that point, when there are no other jobs available in the market. Capital, labor, raw materials, market, infrastructure are some of the major economic factors that play significant role on entrepreneurship (Oakey 2012). 5. Conclusion After conduction of the entire study, it can be opined that the entire study has focused on the motivational factors that drives a person towards entrepreneurship. In order to understand the study easily, focus has been shed on Henry Ford, who is considered as one of the greatest entrepreneurs in history. The detailed research on this pioneer has helped to have an in-depth knowledge of the research topic. Moreover, the study has been analyzed from psychological, sociological and economic disciplines of entrepreneurial motivation. References Aics, Z. and Szerb, L., 2010. The global entrepreneurship and development index 2012. Baron, R., 2012. Entrepreneurship. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Bygrave, W. and Zacharakis, A., 2011. Entrepreneurship. Cressy, R., Cumming, D. and Mallin, C., 2012. Entrepreneurship, governance and ethics. Dordrecht: Springer. Ford, H. and Crowther, S., 1973. My life and work. New York: Arno Press. Ford, H. and Faurote, F., 1929. My philosophy of industry, Henry Ford. New York: Coward-McCann, Inc. Ford, H., 1989. Ford on management. New York: B. Blackwell. Ford, H., Albion, M. and Segal, H., 2013. The quotable Henry Ford. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Frese, M., Rousseau, D. and Wiklund, J., 2014. The Emergence of Evidence-Based Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), pp.209-216. Ijorita, M., 2014. ICT and entrepreneurship: social network marketing. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, pp.19-29. Kalantaridis, C. and Fletcher, D., 2012. Entrepreneurship and institutional change: A research agenda. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 24(3-4), pp.199-214. Mara, W., 2009. American entrepreneurship. Morris, M., 2010. Annals of entrepreneurship education and pedagogy 2014. Oakey, R., 2012. High-technology entrepreneurship. London: Routledge. Publishing, O., 2014. Entrepreneurship at a Glance 2014. Paris: OECD Publishing. Short, J., 2014. Social entrepreneurship and research methods. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Smallbone, D. and Welter, F., 2012. Cross-border entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 24(3-4), pp.95-104. Weber, R., 2012. Evaluating entrepreneurship education. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-59452733281007173962019-11-30T17:07:00.001-08:002019-11-30T17:07:06.051-08:00Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Essay ExamplePre-Socratic Philosophers Essay Paper ââ¬Å"Pre-Socraticâ⬠is the look normally used to depict those Grecian minds who lived and wrote between 600 and 400 B. C. It was the Pre-Socratics who attempted to happen cosmopolitan rules which would explicate the natural universe from its beginnings to manââ¬â¢s topographic point in it. Although Socrates died in 399 B. C. . the term ââ¬Å"Pre-Socraticâ⬠indicates non so much a chronological bound. but instead an mentality or scope of involvements. an mentality attacked by both Protagoras ( a Sophist ) and Socrates. because natural doctrine was worthless when compared with the hunt for the ââ¬Å"good life. â⬠To give the Presocratic minds their full due would necessitate an article of encyclopaedic range. Given that. I have decided to name a figure of sites on single Presocratic minds. Anaximander1. We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Socratic Philosophers Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Life and SourcesThe history of written Greek doctrine starts with Anaximander of Miletus in Asia Minor. a fellow-citizen of Thales. He was the first who dared to compose a treatise in prose. which has been called traditionally On Nature. This book has been lost. although it likely was available in the library of the Lyceum at the times of Aristotle and his replacement Theophrastus. It is said that Apollodorus. in the 2nd century BCE. stumbled upon a transcript of it. possibly in the celebrated library of Alexandria. Recently. grounds has appeared that it was portion of the aggregation of the library of Taormina in Sicily. where a fragment of a catalogue has been found. on which Anaximanderââ¬â¢s name can be read. Merely one fragment of the book has come down to us. quoted by Simplicius ( after Theophrastus ) . in the 6th century AD. It is possibly the most celebrated and most discussed phrase in the history of doctrine. We besides know really small of Anaximanderââ¬â¢s life. He is said to hold led a mission that founded a settlement called Apollonia on the seashore of the Black Sea. He besides likely introduced the gnomon ( a perpendicular sun-dial ) into Greece and erected one in Sparta. So he seems to hold been a much-traveled adult male. which is non amazing. as the Milesians were known to be brave crewmans. It is besides reported that he displayed grave manners and wore grandiloquent garments. Most of the information on Anaximander comes from Aristotle and his student Theophrastus. whose book on the history of doctrine was used. excerpted. and quoted by many other writers. the alleged doxographers. before it was lost. Sometimes. in these texts words or looks appear that can with some certainty be ascribed to Anaximander himself. Relatively many testimonies. about one tierce of them. hold to make with astronomical and cosmogonic inquiries. Hermann Diels and Walter Kranz have edited the doxography ( A ) and the bing texts ( B ) of the Presocratic philosophers in Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker. Berlin 1951-19526. ( A citation like ââ¬Å"DK 12A17? agencies: ââ¬Å"Diels/Kranz. Anaximander. doxographical study no. 17? ) . | 2. The ââ¬Å"Boundlessâ⬠as Principle Harmonizing to Aristotle and Theophrastus. the first Grecian philosophers were looking for the ââ¬Å"originâ⬠or ââ¬Å"principleâ⬠( the Greek word ââ¬Å"archeâ⬠has both significances ) of all things. Anaximander is said to hold identified it with ââ¬Å"the Boundlessâ⬠or ââ¬Å"the Unlimitedâ⬠( Grecian: ââ¬Å"apeiron. â⬠that is. ââ¬Å"that which has no boundariesâ⬠) . Already in ancient times. it is complained that Anaximander did non explicate what he meant by ââ¬Å"the Boundless. â⬠More late. writers have disputed whether the Boundless should be interpreted as spatially or temporarily without bounds. or possibly as that which has no makings. or as that which is unlimited. Some bookmans have even defended the significance ââ¬Å"that which is non experienced. â⬠by associating the Grecian word ââ¬Å"apeironâ⬠non to ââ¬Å"perasâ⬠( ââ¬Å"boundary. â⬠ââ¬Å"limitâ⬠) . but to ââ¬Å"peraoâ⬠( â⬠Å"to experience. â⬠ââ¬Å"to apperceiveâ⬠) . The suggestion. nevertheless. is about resistless that Grecian doctrine. by doing the Boundless into the rule of all things. has started on a high degree of abstraction. On the other manus. some have pointed out that this usage of ââ¬Å"apeironâ⬠is untypical for Grecian idea. which was occupied with bound. symmetricalness and harmoniousness. The Pythagoreans placed the boundless ( the ââ¬Å"apeironâ⬠) on the list of negative things. and for Aristotle. excessively. flawlessness became aligned with bound ( Grecian: ââ¬Å"perasâ⬠) . and therefore ââ¬Å"apeironâ⬠with imperfectness. Therefore. some writers suspect eastern ( Persian ) influence on Anaximanderââ¬â¢s thoughts. Anaximenes ( d. 528 BCE ) Harmonizing to the lasting beginnings on his life. Anaximenes flourished in the mid sixth century BCE and died around 528. He is the 3rd philosopher of the Milesian School of doctrine. so named because like Thales and Anaximander. Anaximenes was an dweller of Miletus. in Ionia ( ancient Greece ) . Theophrastus notes that Anaximenes was an associate. and perchance a pupil. of Anaximanderââ¬â¢s. Anaximenes is best known for his philosophy that air is the beginning of all things. In this manner. he differed with his predecessors like Thales. who held that H2O is the beginning of all things. and Anaximander. who thought that all things came from an unspecified boundless material. 2. Doctrine of Change Given his philosophy that all things are composed of air. Anaximenes suggested an interesting qualitative history of natural alteration: [ Air ] differs in kernel in conformity with its rareness or denseness. When it is thinned it becomes fire. while when it is condensed it becomes air current. so cloud. when still more condensed it becomes H2O. so Earth. so stones. Everything else comes from these. ( DK13A5 ) Influence on later Doctrine Anaximenesââ¬â¢ theory of consecutive alteration of affair by rarefaction and condensation was influential in ulterior theories. It is developed by Heraclitus ( DK22B31 ) . and criticized by Parmenides ( DK28B8. 23-24. 47-48 ) . Anaximenesââ¬â¢ general theory of how the stuffs of the universe arise is adopted by Anaxagoras ( DK59B16 ) . even though the latter has a really different theory of affair. Both Melissus ( DK30B8. 3 ) and Plato ( Timaeus 49b-c ) see Anaximenesââ¬â¢ theory as supplying a common-sense account of alteration. Diogenes of Apollonia makes air the footing of his explicitly monistic theory. The Hippocratic treatise On Breaths uses air as the cardinal construct in a theory of diseases. By supplying cosmogonic histories with a theory of alteration. Anaximenes separated them from the kingdom of mere guess and made them. at least in construct. scientific theories capable of proving. Thales of Miletus ( c. 620 BCE ââ¬â c. 546 BCE ) The ancient Greek philosopher Thales was born in Miletus in Greek Ionia. Aristotle. the major beginning for Thalesââ¬â¢s doctrine and scientific discipline. identified Thales as the first individual to look into the basic rules. the inquiry of the arising substances of affair and. hence. as the laminitis of the school of natural doctrine. Thales was interested in about everything. look intoing about all countries of cognition. doctrine. history. scientific discipline. mathematics. technology. geographics. and political relations. He proposed theories to explicate many of the events of nature. the primary substance. the support of the Earth. and the cause of alteration. Thales was much involved in the jobs of uranology and provided a figure of accounts of cosmogonic events which traditionally involved supernatural entities. His oppugning attack to the apprehension of celestial phenomena was the beginning of Grecian uranology. Thalesââ¬â¢ hypotheses were new and bold. and in liberating phenomena from reverent intercession. he paved the manner towards scientific enterprise. He founded the Milesian school of natural doctrine. developed the scientific method. and initiated the first western enlightenment. A figure of anecdotes is closely connected to Thalesââ¬â¢ probes of the universe. When considered in association with his hypotheses they take on added significance and are most informative. Thales was extremely esteemed in ancient times. and a missive cited by Diogenes Laertius. and purporting to be from Anaximenes to Pythagoras. advised that all our discourse should get down with a mention to Thales ( D. L. II. 4 ) . 1. The Hagiographas of Thales Doubts have ever existed about whether Thales wrote anything. but a figure of ancient studies recognition him with Hagiographas. Simplicius ( Diels. Dox. p. 475 ) specifically attributed to Thales writing of the alleged Nautical Star-guide. Diogenes Laertius raised uncertainties about genuineness. but wrote that ââ¬Ëaccording to others [ Thales ] wrote nil but two treatises. one On the Solstice and one On the Equinoxââ¬Ë ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Lobon of Argus asserted that the Hagiographas of Thales amounted to two hundred lines ( D. L. I. 34 ) . and Plutarch associated Thales with sentiments and histories expressed in poetry ( Plutarch. De Pyth. or. 18. 402 Tocopherol ) . Hesychius. recorded that ââ¬Ë [ Thales ] wrote on heavenly affairs in heroic poetry. on the equinox. and much elseââ¬â¢ ( DK. 11A2 ) . Callimachus credited Thales with the sage advice that sailing masters should voyage by Ursa Minor ( D. L. I. 23 ) . advice which may hold been in authorship. Diogenes references a poet. Choerilus. who declared that ââ¬Ë [ Thales ] was the first to keep the immortality of the soulââ¬â¢ ( D. L. I. 24 ) . and in De Anima. Aristotleââ¬â¢s words ââ¬Ëfrom what is recorded about [ Thales ] ââ¬Ë . indicate that Aristotle was working from a written beginning. Diogenes recorded that ââ¬Ë [ Thales ] seems by some histories to hold been the first to analyze uranology. the first to foretell occultations of the Sun and to repair the solstices ; so Eudemus in his History of Astronomy. It was this which gained for him the esteem of Xenophanes and Herodotus and the notice of Heraclitus and Democritusââ¬â¢ ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Eudemus who wrote a History of Astronomy. and besides on geometry and divinity. must be considered as a possible beginning for the hypotheses of Thales. The information provided by Diogenes is the kind of stuff which he would hold included in his History of Astronomy. and it is possible that the rubrics On the Solst ice. and On the Equinox were available to Eudemus. Xenophanes. Herodotus. Heraclitus and Democritus were familiar with the work of Thales. and may hold had a work by Thales available to them. A solstice is an astronomical event that happens twice each twelvemonth when the Sun reaches its highest place in the sky as seen from the North or South Pole. The word solstice is derived from the Latin colloidal suspension ( Sun ) and sistere ( to stand still ) . because at the solstices. the Sun bases still in decline ; that is. the seasonal motion of the Sunââ¬â¢s way ( as seen from Earth ) comes to a halt before change by reversaling way. The solstices. together with the equinoxes. are connected with the seasons. In many civilizations the solstices grade either the beginning or the center of winter and summer. The term solstice can besides be used in a broader sense. as the day of the month ( twenty-four hours ) when this occurs. The twenty-four hours of the solstice is either the ââ¬Å"longest twenty-four hours of the yearâ⬠( in summer ) or the ââ¬Å"shortest twenty-four hours of the yearâ⬠( in winter ) for any topographic point on Earth. because the length of clip between dawn and sunset on that twenty-four hours is the annual upper limit or lower limit for that topographic point. Proclus recorded that Thales was followed by a great wealth of geometricians. most of whom remain as honoured names. They commence with Mamercus. who was a student of Thales. and include Hippias of Elis. Pythagoras. Anaxagoras. Eudoxus of Cnidus. Philippus of Mende. Euclid. and Eudemus. a friend of Aristotle. who wrote histories of arithmetic. of uranology. and of geometry. and many lesser known name s. It is possible that Hagiographas of Thales were available to some of these work forces. Any records which Thales may hold kept would hold been an advantage in his ain work. This is particularly true of mathematics. of the day of the months and times determined when repairing the solstices. the places of stars. and in fiscal minutess. It is hard to believe that Thales would non hold written down the information he had gathered in his travels. peculiarly the geometry he investigated in Egypt and his measurement of the tallness of the pyramid. his hypotheses about nature. and the cause of alteration. Proclus acknowledged Thales as the inventor of a figure of specific theorems ( A Commentary on the First Book of Euclidââ¬â¢s Elements 65. 8-9 ; 250. 16-17 ) . This suggests that Eudemus. Proclusââ¬â¢s beginning had before him the written records of Thalesââ¬â¢s finds. How did Thales ââ¬Ëproveââ¬â¢ his theorems if non in written words and studies? The plants On the Solstice. On the Equinox. which were attributed to Thales ( D. L. I. 23 ) . and the ââ¬ËNautical Star usher. to which Simplicius referred. may hold been beginnings for the History of Astronomy of Eudemus ( D. L. I. 23 ) . Pythagoras ( c. 570ââ¬âc. 495 BCE ) The presocratic Greek philosopher Pythagoras must hold been one of the worldââ¬â¢s greatest individuals. but he wrote nil. and it is difficult to state how much of the philosophy we know as Pythagorean is due to the laminitis of the society and how much is subsequently development. It is besides difficult to state how much of what we are told about the life of Pythagoras is trusty ; for a mass of fable gathered around his name at an early day of the month. Sometimes he is represented as a adult male of scientific discipline. and sometimes as a sermonizer of mysterious philosophies. and we might be tempted to see one or other of those characters as entirely historical. The truth is that there is no demand to reject either of the traditional positions. The brotherhood of mathematical mastermind and mysticism is common plenty. Originally from Samos. Pythagoras founded at Kroton ( in southern Italy ) a society which was at one time a spiritual community and a scientific school. Such a organic structure was bound to excite green-eyed monster and misgiving. and we hear of many battles. Pythagoras himself had to fly from Kroton to Metapontion. where he died. It is stated that he was a adherent of Anaximander. his uranology was the natural development of Anaximanderââ¬â¢s. Besides. the manner in which the Pythagorean geometry developed besides bears informant to its descent from that of Miletos. The great job at this day of the month was the duplicate of the square. a job which gave rise to the theorem of the square on the hypotenuse. normally known still as the Pythagorean proposition ( Euclid. I. 47 ) . If we were right in presuming that Thales worked with the old 3:4:5 trigon. the connexion is obvious. Pythagoras argued that there are three sorts of work forces. merely as there are three categories of aliens who come to the Olympic Games. The lowest consists of those who come to purchase and sell. and following above them are those who come to vie. Best of all are those who merely come to look on. Work force may be classified consequently as lovers of wisdom. lovers of award. and lovers of addition. That seems to connote the philosophy of the three-party psyche. which is besides attributed to the early Pythagoreans on good authorization. though it is common now to impute it to Plato. There are. nevertheless. clear mentions to it before his clip. and it agrees much better with the general mentality of the Pythagoreans. The comparing of human life to a assemblage like the Games was frequently repeated in ulterior yearss. Pythagoras besides taught the philosophy of Rebirth or transmigration. which we may hold learned from the modern-day Orphics. Xenophanes made merriment of him for feigning to acknowledge the voice of a bygone friend in the ululation of a beaten Canis familiaris. Empedocles seems to be mentioning to him when he speaks of a adult male who could retrieve what happened ten or 20 coevalss before. It was on this that the philosophy of Recollection. which plays so great a portion in Plato. was based. The things we perceive with the senses. Plato argues. remind us of things we knew when the psyche was out of the organic structure and could comprehend world straight. There is more trouble about the cosmology of Pythagoras. Barely any school of all time professed such fear for its founderââ¬â¢s authorization as the Pythagoreans. ââ¬ËThe Master said soââ¬â¢ was their war cry. On the other manus. few schools have shown so much capacity for advancement and for accommodating themselves to new conditions. Pythagoras started from the cosmical system of Anaximenes. Aristotle tells us that the Pythagoreans represented the universe as inhaling ââ¬Ëairââ¬â¢ signifier the boundless mass outside it. and this ââ¬Ëairââ¬â¢ is identified with ââ¬Ëthe unlimitedââ¬â¢ . When. nevertheless. we come to the procedure by which things are developed out of the ââ¬Ëunlimitedââ¬â¢ . we observe a great alteration. We hear nil more of ââ¬Ëseparating outââ¬â¢ or even of rarefaction and condensation. Alternatively of that we have the theory that what gives signifier to the Unlimited is the Limit. That is the great part of Pythagoras to philosophy. and we must seek to understand it. Now the map of the Limit is normally illustrated from the humanistic disciplines of music and medical specialty. and we have seen how of import these two humanistic disciplines were for Pythagoreans. so it is natural to deduce that the key to its significance is to be found in them. It may be taken as certain that Pythagoras himself discovered the numerical ratios which determine the accordant intervals of the musical graduated table. Similar to musical intervals. in medical specialty there are antonyms. such as the hot and the cold. the moisture and the prohibitionist. and it is the concern of the doctor to bring forth a proper ââ¬Ëblendââ¬â¢ of these in the human organic structure. In a well-known transition of Platoââ¬â¢s Phaedo ( 86 B ) we are told by Simmias that the Pythagoreans held the organic structure to be strung like an instrument to a certain pitch. hot and cold. moisture and dry taking the topographic point of high and low in music. Musical tuning and wellness are likewise agencies originating from the application of Limit to the Unlimited. It was natural for Pythagoras to look for something of the same sort in the universe at big. Briefly stated. the philosophy of Pythagoras was that all things are Numberss. In certain cardinal instances. the early Pythagoreans represented Numberss and explained their belongingss by agencies of points arranged in certain ââ¬Ëfiguresââ¬â¢ or forms. Zenoââ¬â¢s Paradoxes In the 5th century B. C. E. . Zeno of Elea offered statements that led to decisions beliing what we all know from our physical experienceââ¬âthat smugglers run. that arrows fly. and that there are many different things in the universe. The statements were paradoxes for the ancient Grecian philosophers. Because most of the statements turn crucially on the impression that infinite and clip are boundlessly divisibleââ¬âfor illustration. that for any distance there is such a thing as half that distance. and so onââ¬âZeno was the first individual in history to demo that the construct of eternity is debatable. In his Achilles Paradox. Achilles races to catch a slower runnerââ¬âfor illustration. a tortoise that is creeping off from him. The tortoise has a head start. so if Achilles hopes to catch it. he must run at least to the topographic point where the tortoise soon is. but by the clip he arrives at that place. it will hold crawled to a new topographic point. so so Achilles must run to this new topographic point. but the tortoise interim will hold crawled on. and so forth. Achilles will neer catch the tortoise. says Zeno. Therefore. good logical thinking shows that fast smugglers neer can catch slow 1s. So much the worse for the claim that gesture truly occurs. Zeno says in defence of his wise man Parmenides who had argued that gesture is an semblance. Although practically no bookmans today would hold with Zenoââ¬â¢s decision. we can non get away the paradox by leaping up from our place and trailing down a tortoise. nor by stating Achilles should run to some other mark topographic point in front of where the tortoise is at the minute. What is required is an analysis of Zenoââ¬â¢s ain statement that does non acquire us embroiled in new paradoxes nor impoverish our mathematics and scientific discipline. This article explains his 10 known paradoxes and considers the interventions that have been offered. Zeno assumed distances and continuances can be divided into an existent eternity ( what we now call a transfinite eternity ) of indivisible parts. and he assumed these are excessively many for the smuggler to finish. Aristotleââ¬Ës intervention said Zeno should hold assumed there are merely possible eternities. and that neither topographic points nor times divide into indivisible parts. His intervention became the by and large recognized solution until the late nineteenth century. The current criterion intervention says Zeno was right to reason that a runnerââ¬â¢s way contains an existent eternity of parts. but he was mistaken to presume this is excessively many. This intervention employs the setup of concretion which has proved its indispensableness for the development of modern scientific discipline. In the 20th century it eventually became clear that forbiding existent eternities. as Aristotle wanted. shackles the growing of set theory and finally of mathematics and natural philosophies. This standard intervention took 100s of old ages to hone and was due to the flexibleness of intellectuals who were willing to replace old theories and their constructs with more fruitful 1s. despite the harm done to common sense and our naif intuitions. The article ends by researching newer interventions of the paradoxesââ¬âand related paradoxes such as Thomsonââ¬â¢s Lamp Paradoxââ¬âthat were developed since the 1950s. Parmenides ( B. 510 BCE ) Parmenides was a Grecian philosopher and poet. Born of an celebrated household about BCE. 510. at Elea in Lower Italy. and is is the main representative of the Eleatic doctrine. He was held in high regard by his fellow-citizens for his first-class statute law. to which they ascribed the prosperity and wealth of the town. He was besides admired for his model life. A ââ¬Å"Parmenidean lifeâ⬠was proverbial among the Greeks. He is normally represented as a adherent of Xenophanes. Parmenides wrote after Heraclitus. and in witting resistance to him. given the apparent allusion to Hericlitus: ââ¬Å"for whom it is and is non. the same and non the same. and all things travel in opposite directionsâ⬠( Fr. 6. 8 ) . Little more is known of his life than that he stopped at Athens on a journey in his 65th twelvemonth. and there became acquainted with the vernal Socrates. That must hold been in the center of the 5th century BCE. . or shortly after it. Parmenides broke with the older Ionic prose tradition by composing in hexameter poetry. His didactic verse form. called On Nature. survives in fragments. although the Proem ( or introductory discourse ) of the work has been preserved. Parmenides was a immature adult male when he wrote it. for the goddess who reveals the truth to him addresses him as ââ¬Å"youth. â⬠The work is considered unartistic. Its Hesiodic manner was appropriate for the cosmology he describes in the 2nd portion. but is ill-sorted to the waterless dialectic of the first. Parmenides was no born poet. and we must inquire what led him to take this new going. The illustration of Xenophanesââ¬â¢ poetic Hagiographas is non a complete account ; for the poesy of Parmenides is as unlike that of Xenophanes as it good can be. and his manner is more similar Hesiod and the Orphics. In the Proem Parmenides describes his acclivity to the place of the goddess who is supposed to talk the balance of the poetries ; this i s a reflection of the conventional acclivities into Eden which were about every bit common as descents into snake pit in the revelatory literature of those yearss. The Proem opens with Parmenides stand foring himself as borne on a chariot and attended by the Sunmaidens who have quitted the Halls of Night to steer him on his journey. They pass along the main road till they come to the Gate of Night and Day. which is locked and barred. The key is in the maintaining of Dike ( Right ) . the Avenger. who is persuaded to unlock it by the Sunmaidens. They pass in through the gate and are now. of class. in the kingdoms of Day. The end of the journey is the castle of a goddess who welcomes Parmenides and instructs him in the two ways. that of Truth and the delusory manner of Belief. in which is no truth at all. All this is described without inspiration and in a purely conventional mode. so it must be interpreted by the canons of the revelatory manner. It is clearly meant to bespeak that Parmenides had been converted. that he had passed from mistake ( dark ) to truth ( twenty-four hours ) . and the Two Wayss must stand for his former mistake and the trut h which is now revealed to him. There is ground to believe that the Way of Belief is an history of Pythagorean cosmology. In any instance. it is certainly impossible to see it as anything else than a description of some mistake. The goddess says so in words that can non be explained off. Further. this erroneous belief is non the ordinary manââ¬â¢s position of the universe. but an luxuriant system. which seems to be a natural development the Ionian cosmology on certain lines. and there is no other system but the Pythagorean that fulfils this demand. To this it has been objected that Parmenides would non hold taken the problem to elaborate in item a system he had wholly rejected. but that is to misidentify the character of the revelatory convention. It is non Parmenides. but the goddess. that expounds the system. and it is for this ground that the beliefs described are said to be those of ââ¬Ëmortalsââ¬â¢ . Now a description of the acclivity of the psyche would be rather uncomplete without a image of the part from which it had escaped. The goddess must uncover the two ways at the farewell of which Parmenides stands. and bid him take the better. The rise of mathematics in the Pythagorean school had revealed for the first clip the power of idea. To the mathematician of all work forces it is the same thing that can be thought and that can be. and this is the rule from which Parmenides starts. It is impossible to believe what is non. and it is impossible for what can non be thought to be. The great inquiry. Is it or is it non? is hence tantamount to the inquiry. Can it be thought or non? In any instance. the work therefore has two divisions. The first discusses the truth. and the 2nd the universe of semblance ââ¬â that is. the universe of the senses and the erroneous sentiments of world founded upon them. In his sentiment truth lies in the perceptual experience that being is. and mistake in the thought that non-existence besides can be. Nothing can hold existent being but what is imaginable ; therefore to be imagined and to be able to be are the same thing. and there is no development. The kernel of what is imaginable is incapable of development. imperishable. changeless. boundless. and indivisible. What is assorted and changeable. all development. is a false apparition. Perception is thought directed to the pure kernel of being ; the phenomenal universe is a psychotic belief. and the sentiments formed refering it can merely be unlikely. Parmenides goes on to see in the visible radiation of this rule the effects of stating that anything is. In the first topographic point. it can non hold come into being. If it had. it must hold arisen from nil or from something. It can non hold arisen from nil ; for there is no nil. It can non hold arisen from something ; for here is nil else than what is. Nor can anything else besides itself come into being ; for there can be no empty infinite in which it could make so. Is it or is it non? If it is. so it is now. all at one time. In this manner Parmenides refutes all histories of the beginning of the universe. Ex nihilo nihil tantrum. Further. if it is. it merely is. and it can non be more or less. There is. hence. as much of it in one topographic point as in another. ( That makes rarefaction and condensation impossible. ) it is uninterrupted and indivisible ; for there is nil but itself which could forestall its parts being in contact with one another. It is hence full. a uninterrupted indivisible plenum. ( That is directed against the Pythagorean theory of a discontinuous reality. ) Further. it is immoveable. If it moved. it must travel into empty infinite. and empty infinite is nil. and there is no nil. Besides it is finite and spherical ; for it can non be in one way any more than in another. and the domain is the lone figure of which this can be said. What is. therefore a finite. spherical. motionless. uninterrupted plenum. and there is nil beyond it. Coming into being and discontinuing to be are mere ââ¬Ënamesââ¬â¢ . and so is gesture. and still more colour and the similar. They are non even ideas ; for a idea must be a idea of something that is. and none of these can be. Such is the decision to which the position of the existent as a individual organic structure necessarily leads. and there is no flight from it. The ââ¬Ëmatterââ¬â¢ of our physical text-books is merely the existent of Parmenides ; and. unless we can happen room for something else than affair. we are shut up into his history of world. No subsequent system could afford to disregard this. but of class it was impossible to assent for good in a philosophy like that of Parmenides. It deprives the universe we know of all claim to existence. and reduces it to something which is barely even an semblance. If we are to give an apprehensible history of the universe. we must surely present gesture once more someway. That can neer be taken for granted any more. as it was by the early cosmologists ; we must try to explicate it if we are to get away from the decisions of Parmenides. Heraclitus ( Florida. c. 500 BCE ) A Grecian philosopher of the late sixth century BCE. Heraclitus criticizes his predecessors and coevalss for their failure to see the integrity in experience. He claims to denote an everlasting Word ( Logos ) harmonizing to which all things are one. in some sense. Antonyms are necessary for life. but they are unified in a system of balanced exchanges. The universe itself consists of a law-like interchange of elements. symbolized by fire. Thus the universe is non to be identified with any peculiar substance. but instead with an on-going procedure governed by a jurisprudence of alteration. The implicit in jurisprudence of nature besides manifests itself as a moral jurisprudence for human existences. Heraclitus is the first Western philosopher to travel beyond physical theory in hunt of metaphysical foundations and moral applications. Anaxagoras ( c. 500ââ¬â428 BCE ) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae was an of import Presocratic natural philosopher and scientist who lived and taught in Athens for about 30 old ages. He gained ill fame for his mercenary positions. peculiarly his contention that the Sun was a fiery stone. This led to charges of impiousness. and he was sentenced to decease by the Athenian tribunal. He avoided this punishment by go forthing Athens. and he spent his staying old ages in expatriate. While Anaxagoras proposed theories on a assortment of topics. he is most celebrated for two theories. First. he speculated that in the physical universe everything contains a part of everything else. His observation of how nutrition works in animate beings led him to reason that in order for the nutrient an animate being chows to turn into bone. hair. flesh. and so away. it must already incorporate all of those components within it. The 2nd theory of significance is Anaxagorasââ¬â¢ predication of Mind ( Nous ) as the initiating and regulating rule of the universe. Democritus ( 460ââ¬â370 BCE ) Democritus was born at Abdera. about 460 BCE. although harmonizing to some 490. His male parent was from a baronial household and of great wealth. and contributed mostly towards the amusement of the ground forces of Xerxes on his return to Asia. As a wages for this service the Iranian sovereign gave and other Abderites nowadayss and left among them several Magi. Democritus. harmonizing to Diogenes Laertius. was instructed by these Magi in uranology and divinity. After the decease of his male parent he traveled in hunt of wisdom. and devoted his heritage to this intent. amounting to one hundred endowments. He is said to hold visited Egypt. Ethiopia. Persia. and India. Whether. in the class of his travels. he visited Athens or studied under Anaxagoras is unsure. During some portion of his life he was instructed in Pythagoreanism. and was a adherent of Leucippus. After several old ages of going. Democritus returned to Abdera. with no agencies of subsistence. His brother Damosis. nevertheless. took him in. Harmonizing to the jurisprudence of Abdera. whoever wasted his patrimony would be deprived of the rites of entombment. Democritus. trusting to avoid this shame. gave public talks. Petronius relates that he was acquainted with the virtuousnesss of herbs. workss. and rocks. and that he spent his life in doing experiments upon natural organic structures. He acquired celebrity with his cognition of natural phenomena. and predicted alterations in the conditions. He used this ability to do people believe that he could foretell future events. They non merely viewed him as something more than person. but even proposed to set him in control of their public personal businesss. He preferred a contemplative to an active life. and hence declined these public awards and passed the balance of his yearss in purdah. Recognition can non be given to the narrative that Democritus spent his leisure hours in chemical researches after the philosopherââ¬â¢s rock ââ¬â the dream of a ulterior age ; or to the narrative of his conversation with Hippocrates refering Democritusââ¬â¢s supposed lunacy. as based on specious letters. Democritus has been normally known as ââ¬Å"The Laughing Philosopher. â⬠and it is soberly related by Seneca that he neer appeared in public with out showing his disdain of human follies while express joying. Consequently. we find that among his fellow-citizens he had the name of ââ¬Å"the mockerâ⬠. He died at more than a 100 old ages of age. It is said that from so on he spent his yearss and darks in caverns and burial chambers. and that. in order to get the hang his rational modules. he blinded himself with firing glass. This narrative. nevertheless. is discredited by the authors who mention it insofar as they say he wrote books and cleft animate beings. nei ther of which could be done good without eyes. Democritus expanded the atomic theory of Leucippus. He maintained the impossibleness of spliting things ad infinitum. From the trouble of delegating a beginning of clip. he argued the infinity of bing nature. of null infinite. and of gesture. He supposed the atoms. which are originally similar. to be impenetrable and have a denseness proportionate to their volume. All gestures are the consequence of active and inactive fondness. He drew a differentiation between primary gesture and its secondary effects. that is. impulse and reaction. This is the footing of the jurisprudence of necessity. by which all things in nature are ruled. The universes which we see ââ¬â with all their belongingss of enormousness. resemblance. and dissimilitude ââ¬â consequence from the eternal multiplicity of falling atoms. The human psyche consists of ball-shaped atoms of fire. which impart motion to the organic structure. Keeping his atomic theory throughout. Democritus introduced the hypothesis of images or graven images ( eidola ) . a sort of emanation from external objects. which make an feeling on our senses. and from the influence of which he deduced esthesis ( sensation ) and thought ( cognition ) . He distinguished between a rude. progressive. and hence false perceptual experience and a true one. In the same mode. consistent with this theory. he accounted for the popular impressions of Deity ; partially through our incapacity to understand to the full the phenomena of which we are informants. and partially from the feelings communicated by certain existences ( eidola ) of tremendous stature and resembling the human figure which inhabit the air. We know these from dreams and the causes of divination. He carried his theory into practical doctrine besides. puting down that felicity consisted in an even disposition. From this he deduced his moral rules and prudential axioms. It was from Democritus that Epicurus borrowed the chief characteristics of his doctrine. Empedocles ( c. 492ââ¬â432 BCE ) Empedocles ( of Acagras in Sicily ) was a philosopher and poet: one of the most of import of the philosophers working before Socrates ( the Presocratics ) . and a poet of outstanding ability and of great influence upon later poets such as Lucretius. His plant On Nature and Purifications ( whether they are two verse forms or merely one ââ¬â see below ) exist in more than 150 fragments. He has been regarded diversely as a materialist physicist. a shamanic prestidigitator. a mystical theologist. a therapist. a democratic politician. a life God. and a fraud. To him is attributed the innovation of the four-element theory of affair ( Earth. air. fire. and H2O ) . one of the earliest theories of atom natural philosophies. set frontward apparently to deliver the phenomenal universe from the inactive monism of Parmenides. Empedoclesââ¬â¢ world-view is of a cosmic rhythm of ageless alteration. growing and decay. in which two personified cosmic forces. Love and Strife. engage in an ageless conflict for domination. In psychological science and moralss Empedocles was a follower of Pythagoras. hence a truster in the transmigration of psyches. and therefore besides a vegetarian. He claims to be a daimon. a Godhead or potentially godly being. who. holding been banished from the immortals Gods for ââ¬Ëthree times infinite yearsââ¬â¢ for perpetrating the wickedness of meat-eating and forced to endure consecutive reincarnations in an purificatory journey through the different orders of nature and elements of the universe. has now achieved the most perfect of human provinces and will be reborn as an immortal. He besides claims apparently charming powers including the ability to resuscitate the dead and to command the air currents and rains. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-76583783796998386432019-11-26T06:47:00.001-08:002019-11-26T06:47:16.740-08:00Suggestopedia EssaysSuggestopedia Essays Suggestopedia Essay Suggestopedia Essay It is also known as desuggestopedia. It was developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist-educator Georgi Lozanov. It is a specific set of learner recommendations. Among the subliminal influences the fears of the learners that they will be unable to perform and are limited in terms of their ability to learn is the main issue Suggestopedia deals with. It is believed that due to those fears and some other possible negative effects such as the physical effects of the learning environment, learnersââ¬â¢ minds cannot process and retain information at the maximum efficiency. This also leads to a lack of confidence and creativity. Thus it is significant to send all kinds of negative effects off the studentsââ¬â¢ internal environment (the self) and external environment (the classroom) through ââ¬Å"desuggestionâ⬠by creating a learning atmosphere where all messages have a positive emotional content. In addition to this the memory banks of the learners should be filled with pleasant memories through ââ¬Å"suggestionâ⬠. It is believed that if this was done, the learners would be able to overcome the barriers to learning and use their maximum potential capacity, which means retention and recall of what has been learnt in the long term. Characteristics Decoration of the classroom Furniture Arrangement of the classroom Use of music Authoritative behavior of the teacher Memorization in learning by their method seems to be accelerated 25 times over any other conventional method. Some techniques have been borrowed from raja yoga, from soviet psychology Lozanov started to think that any student can be taught a given subject matter at the same level. He says it is not important if students studies or not outside the classroom. Music functions Music has three functions: 1- To facilitate the establishment and maintenance of personal relations 2- To bring about increased self-esteem through increased self-satisfaction in musical performance 3- To use the unique potential of rhythm to energize and bring order. Theory of language and learning It does not exactly have a theory of language. He does not care about language elements or organization. He sometimes refers to texts and directs the duggestopedic to acts of communication. He calls language as ââ¬Å"the materialâ⬠. Authority It suggests that people will remember better if the information comes from an authoritative source. Infantilization Authority implies that teacher-student relation is like parent to children relation. Double-plannedness Students learn from instructions and environment. The bright decoration, the musical background, the shape of the chairs, and the personality of the teacher are as important as the materials. Intonation, rhythm, and concert pseudo-passiveness Varying the tone and rhythm makes the class less boring and makes it more meaningful. Pseudo passiveness refers to the relax attitude that is created with music background. Design: objectives, syllabus, learning activities, roles of the learner, teachers and materials. Objective: to deliver advanced conversational proficiency quickly. Students must learn lists of vocabulary pairs, and set goals for themselves. A suggestopedia course lasts 30days, and consists of 10 units. 4 hours a day, 6 times a week. Each unit consists of a dialogue of 1200 words or so, with a vocabulary list and a grammatical commentary. During the course there are 2 chances for simplification of the material. Students will be provided a chance to practice what learned in the middles of the course in a setting where they should use it, and the last day that there will be a participation of every student. They must prepare a role play using the vocabulary studied. Procedures I can use the language. Iââ¬â¢m learning the language Language is reinforced with music / teacher actions Language is integrated into the SSââ¬â¢ personality using different activities (Repetition is avoided): Acting out portions of the text Singing songs/ playing games Telling stories Carrying out short conversations/ emotional role-plays Students do not do homework. They read the text before going to bed Neurolinguistic John Grindler and Richard Bandler created a set of training techniques and a philosophy in the mid1970s called Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). They were really interested in the way people influence each other and in how a behavior could be duplicated. They thought of this method as a system of techniques therapists could use in building rapport with clients, gathering information about their internal and external views of the world, and helping them achieve goals and bring about personal change. (Richards and Rodgers, 125) This technique has also been used in other fields but education such as: sports training, marketing, management, etc. Approach Theory of language and learning This theory has no relation with linguistics itself, it refers to a theory of communication. It tries to explain verbal and nonverbal information. Learning effective behaviors is seen as an issue of learning. It is supposed to move from controlled stages to automatic processes. This approach worries about how people see the world through the five senses and how people picture it in their mind. Language is used not only in speech but also in thoughts. The programming part of this approach trains us to think, speak, and act in a new positive way in order to release our potential and reach our goals. Design: Principles 1- Outcomes: the goals or ends. NLP says if you know what you want it will be easier to get it. 2- Rapport: a factor that is essential for effective communication, maximizing similarities and minimizing differences among people at a nonconscious level 3- Sensory acuity: noticing what another person is communicating consciously and nonverbally. Using your senses, listen to, looking to, and feeling what is actually happening. 4- Flexibility: doing things differently if what you are doing is not working. Having a range of skills to do something else or something different. Keep changing what you do until you get what you want. NLP Presuppositions There are thirteen presuppositions that guide the application of NLP: 1- Mind and body are interconnected. They are part of the same system, they affect each other. 2- The map is not the territory: we all have different maps of the world. 3- There is no failure, only feedbackâ⬠¦ and renewed opportunity for success. 4- The map becomes the territory, what you believe is true, either is true or becomes true. 5- Knowing what you want helps you get it. 6- The resources we need are within us. Communication is nonverbal as well as verbal. 8- The nonconscious mind is benevolent. 9- Communication nonconscious as well as conscious. 10- All behavior has a positive intention. 11- The meaning of my communication is the response I get. 12- Modeling excellent behavior leads to excellence. 13- In any system, the element with the greatest flexibility will have the most influence on that system. Conclusion These two chapte rs give totally different points of view of acquiring a language. Both of them mention techniques for improving concentration and acceleration more than linguistics itself. Approaches give very good explanations of why they work, anyhow teachers must know in deep the techniques in order to apply them in the classroom, and they need time and preparation. Teachers usually do not count with a lot of time with the students. And usually teachers do not have the necessary resources to develop them correctly. Bibliography Richards, Jack C, and Theodore S Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. 7 joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-44200968452551108362019-11-22T14:10:00.001-08:002019-11-22T14:10:07.401-08:00Four tips for effective tweeting - EmphasisFour tips for effective tweeting Four tips for effective tweeting If you were nervous about using Twitter in a professional capacity already, the past months headlines about 10,000 tweeters having potentially libelled Conservative peer Lord McAlpine probably wont have helped your confidence. But tweeting doesnt have to be the minefield its often presented as. Just remember to treat it with the same respect that you would any public communication and you cant go far wrong, writes Cathy Relf. Here are four tips that youd naturally apply to face-to-face or written communication. Apply the same rules to your tweets and youll soon find youre opening up a whole new channel of sector-specific news, networking and chat. 1. Strike a balance One of the trickier aspects of tweeting in connection with work is that you need to balance being professional with being personable. If everything you tweet is dry, factual and work-related, few people are likely to want to follow you. On the other hand, if you only ever tweet about football and nights out, youre likely to alienate colleagues and clients with whom you have only profession in common. The answer is moderation. Of course its fine to tweet about both work and football just make sure theres a balance. Twitter is an informal space and your followers are hoping to see a little personality, otherwise theyd simply look you up on your company website. They just dont want to know what you had for breakfast. Dont monitor your follower numbers too closely, though, or read too much into losing a few now and then. If your follower count is on a general upward trend, thats good. But dont check it more than once a week. It will fluctuate daily and hourly, partly because some people use programs that follow and unfollow accounts on their behalf. Incidentally, we wouldnt recommend you do this, any more than youd employ someone to make and dispose of your face-to-face acquaintances. 2. Dont be a bore Remember, just like a conversation in the office or the pub, its not meant to be a monologue. If people mention you or respond to your tweets, reply to them. If the only thing that responds to your tweets is tumbleweed, resist the urge to just repeat the same tweets again, and instead ask yourself why. Perhaps you tweeted at a time when people tend not to be looking at Twitter. (There are apps that can help you with this.) Commuting hours and lunchbreaks are often good times to get conversations going. Or perhaps your tweets arent reaching many people simply because you dont have many followers in which case, try following other people and responding to their tweets. Theyre likely to do the same in return. Or perhaps youre tweeting things that dont invite a response. Try asking a question to get things going. In fact, one of the best things about Twitter is that it puts a whole community of communicators at your fingertips, many of whom are willing to share their opinions. Its a great opportunity for brainstorming and feedback. For example, when I was planning this article, I thought it might be helpful to start by asking people what kind of behaviour they disliked on Twitter. The answers came flooding in (occasionally a little swearily, be warned), and Ive used Storify to collate them. 3. Keep it wise and legal Remember that unless youve set your account to protected (where only your followers can see your tweets), everything you write is visible to everyone, whether theyre a member of Twitter or not. So its not the place to complain about your boss, your colleagues, your clients or anyone else. Be as careful with the truth on Twitter as you would when publishing material in any other place. Libel is the publication of matter that is false and defamatory. That includes tweets and RTs, even if you delete them later and even if your account is set to protected. Earlier this month, lawyers for Lord McAlpine identified more than 10,000 potentially libellous tweets incorrectly linking him with child sex abuse. The fact that the tweets were triggered by a misleading Newsnight report hasnt prevented Lord McAlpine taking action against some of the tweeters. Nor has the fact that in some cases they made only mysterious observations, rather than direct allegations. Theres a simple way to stay out of this kind of trouble: never tweet or retweet anything that youre not one hundred per cent sure is true, especially if it has the potential to damage the reputation of a person or a company. 4. Learn the lingo Youre probably as keen on LOLs and ROFLs as we are (ie not very), so were not going to discuss those here. However, there are a few Twitter-specific abbreviations that you need to know, if you dont already. DM direct message. These can only be seen by the person youre sending them to. Everything else is visible to everyone. You can only DM someone if they already follow you, and they can only reply if you follow them. RT retweet. There are two ways to RT. Either you can click the retweet symbol to replicate the original message exactly, or you can do a manual retweet by copying and pasting the text, preceded by RT @username. This allows you to add your own comment at the start of the tweet. MT modified tweet. Sometimes when you do a manual RT youll run out of space and have to cut a little of the original. In this case, write MT @username instead. HT hat tip. When you want to tweet about something that you found out about via another user, but you dont want to use their own words, its polite to mention them with an HT (or a via). #hashtags. These are meant to make searching for subjects easier. So, for example, if youre tweeting something about Brighton, you might hashtag the word #Brighton. However, people often use them to add witticisms to the end of their tweets. #becausetheythinkitsclever (Incidentally, you cant use punctuation in a hashtag. Yes, that its pained me.) FF follow Fridays. On Fridays, some users share their favourite tweeters to encourage others to follow them. Its a compliment, so its polite to thank them. But retweeting it to show off your popularity is a no-no. In the December issue of the Write Away e-bulletin, we show you five ways that tools and apps can make your tweeting more effective. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-20973816714773035392019-11-21T00:10:00.001-08:002019-11-21T00:10:05.059-08:00Human resources system for employee self-self of royal mail EssayHuman resources system for employee self-self of royal mail - Essay Example It offers several services through these subsidiaries, which include parcel delivery system, postal mail services, general logistic system, and general services related to post (Russell, 2005 p45). Royal Mail focuses on delivering letters and packages to all part of the world. Currently, this company has 14,300 post office branches and 113,000 post boxes throughout the UK, which collect packages, letters and parcels from over 87,000 individuals and businesses. These commodities are collected through a diverse collection and transportation network that includes 33,000 bicycles and 30,000 vehicles (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons Committee: Trade and Industry, 2006 p23). This paper provides strengths and weaknesses (internal analysis) of Royal Mailââ¬â¢s human resource management system for employees, and recommendation that should be adopted to improve its human resource management system and employeesââ¬â¢ performances and efficiencies. Strengths The highly skilled and hard working employees, who are regularly motivated by the financial resources and efficient management, form the key strengths of Royal Mail. The companyââ¬â¢s employees are offered improved new range of training and assured performance related pays (Plunkett, 2009 p76). Some of the Royal Mailââ¬â¢s employees are regarded as the companyââ¬â¢s valuable assets. ... esource management system, and they include: the present contracts were renewed, and new standardized contracts were awarded to the employees; the newly introduced techniques and machinery help the employees achieve a world class standard performance, the newly revised Pension scheme plans were going to be directed to those employees in the Royal Mail pension plan (Russell, 2005 p58); the new plan for early retirement and temporary redundancy were going to be implemented with an immediate effect, and the minimum wages and working hours were also revised. The Royal Mailââ¬â¢s human resource management also puts employeesââ¬â¢ safety in the forefront of the priority list. In order to motivate its staff members, this company has improved its working condition, stress relief exercise, self appraisal process, first aid facilities, and changes employeesââ¬â¢ job duties over some time. The HRM has also included increments and promotions into the new plan. The Royal Mail has also de veloped a new method of dealing with the Trade Union. The trade union has been given a vital position in the companyââ¬â¢s management activities. The union has also been requested to help employees to conform to the Organizational rules and regulations, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage (Chancery House, 2008 p26). An effective system of communication between the HRM and the trade union was also developed. Weaknesses There have been frequent complaints from customers regarding missing parcels and letters in some Royal Mailââ¬â¢s retail outlets. Careful investigation revealed that some of the companyââ¬â¢s staff members have been involved in a series of mail theft over the past few years (Brooks, 2003 p118). This has reduced the Royal Mails reputation and prestige before it esteemed customers. This joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-58148809012560997652019-11-19T06:41:00.001-08:002019-11-19T06:41:02.467-08:00Explain the Asian Migration Hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsExplain the Asian Migration Hypothesis - Essay Example pothesis indicates that even in those days, the population still exhibited genetic diversityââ¬âa thought that was previously non-existent (Faragher et al, 2011). According to this Asian Migration Hypothesis, the ancestors of Native Americans who were headed to the new world for greener pastures spent a considerable amount of time on Beringiaââ¬âa landmass that existed during the glacial maximum extending from Northeastern Serbia to Western Alaska. Spending approximately 15000 years in this place, these would-be founders of the New World underwent a natural biological process that would genetically differentiate them with their Asian sisters (Raffet, 2007). Genetically speaking, these immigrants stayed long enough in Beringia for certain genetic mutations to accumulate. These newly accumulated mutationsââ¬âreferred to as clades in genetics, naturally differed with that of their Asian sisters and hence the dilemma on their origin. After stagnating at Beringia, this hypothesis indicates that entry to the New World was a rather swift than a gradual process (Raffet, 2007). Further analysis indicates that after this stagnation, the movement of these ancestors was bi-directional with some going back to Northeast Asia while others moved forward to the Americas from Beringia. Thus,the of flow gene between Siberia and the North American Arctic was bi-directional (Faragher et al, joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-21301371557202994992019-11-16T19:12:00.001-08:002019-11-16T19:12:03.623-08:00BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay Example for Free BIOLOGY VOCABULARY AND ASSESSMENT Essay 1. Binomial nomenclature: Linnaeusââ¬â¢s system of naming organisms, giving a scientific two-word name to each species- the first part being the genus, and the second the species 2. Class: taxonomic group that contains one or more related orders 3. Classification: grouping of organisms or objects based on a set of criteria that helps organize, communicate, and retain information 4. Division: taxonomic term used instead of phylum to group related classes of plants and bacteria 5. Domain: taxonomic group of one or more kingdoms 6. Family: taxonomic group of similar, related genera that is smaller than a genus and larger than an order 7. Genus: taxonomic group of closely related species with a common ancestor 8. Kingdom: taxonomic group of closely related phyla or divisions 9. Order: taxonomic group that contains related families 10. Phylum: taxonomic group of related classes 11. Taxon: named group of organisms ex: phylum, species 12. Taxonomy: branch of biology that identifies, names, and classifies species based on their natural relationships. CH 17 SEC 2 13. Character: inherited morphological or biochemical feature that 14. Cladistics: taxonomic method that models evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characters and phylogenetic trees 15. Cladogram: branched diagrams that represents the hypothesized phylogeny or evolution of a species or group; uses bioinformatics, morphological studies, and information from DNA studies 16. Molecular clock: model that uses comparisons of DNA sequences to estimate phylogeny and rate of evolutionary change 17. Phylogney: evolutionary history of a speciesà CH 17 SEC 3 18. Archaea: the species classified in Domain Archaea 19. Fungus: unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that is stationary, absorbs nutrients from organic materials in the environment, and has cell walls that contain chitin 20. Protist: unicellular, multicellular, orà colonial eukaryote whose cell walls may contain cellulose; can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like 17.1 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS: 1. It is easier to communicate and retain information about organisms when they are categorized into groups. 2. In the name given to an organism according to binomial nomenclature, the first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species. 3. In modern classification systems, people could classify organisms not only on morphological and behavioral characteristics, but also included evolutionary relationships. 4. The giant panda is of the Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Mammalia Class, Carnivora Order, Ursidae Family, Ailuropoda Genus and Melanoleuca Species. 5. Since the phyla includes multiple classes, there would be more biodiversity in the phylum than in the class. 6. Taxonomy involves classifying species, but systematics involves discovering new species and relationships. They incorporate information from taxonomy in their studies. joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8666460396597490194.post-60405101556170703682019-11-14T07:43:00.001-08:002019-11-14T07:43:03.150-08:00Castles :: essays research papers Castles remind us of a time that was full of adventure and romance. Castles remind us of a time in history in which there was a lack of government and order. Although there was not mass confusion and anarchy, there was less order. Castles were the basis of feudalism. Castles can be seen as a manifestation of feudal society. Feudalism started with the rise of castles and ended with their end. The castle set the tone as the only homestead that nobility would live in during this time. Castles were influenced by and influenced many medieval cathedrals in Europe. Although castles served many purposes, their primary purpose was military. At that time, people were not protected by merely shutting and locking a regular wooden door. They needed the protection of castles and their knights. The lords and constables of castles needed serfs to work the land to make revenue in order to pay rent to the more important nobles. Given the following evidence, it is relatively obvious why castles and castle building played an instrumental role in the development of Western Europe. Castles are unique to a time in history known as medieval times. The word medieval in our times is an insult to anything as is the word feudal. Through the haze and ruins, one can imagine dungeons, chivalrous knights, and mighty Lords who ruled the land and protected the common peasant from barbarians and other invaders. The rise of castles marked the rise of feudalism. This was all started by the crusades. The majority of the knights and nobles went to liberate the holy land from the Muslims. The Crusades influenced castle builders back in Europe. Ideas were gathered from Muslim and Byzantine fortifications. Because of the lack of protection in Europe, a castle's strength needed to be increased because of the ever-present threat of a Muslim invasion. The end of Feudalism also marked the end of the middle ages and hence the end of the great castle era. Castles integrated the combination of residence and fortress. The first castle dates back to King Sargon II of Khorsabad in ancient Egypt. He erected a grand palace for himself to protect him and his subjects. The first recorded references to castles was the Edict of Pistes by Charles the Bald, king of the West Franks. "We will and expressly command that whoever at this time has made castles and fortifications and enclosures without our out permission shall have them demolished by the First of August" (Brown Architecture of Castles 13). Other castle laws were the Norman Institutions handed down by William the Conqueror after he took over England. One law says that no one shall joanmorgan1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/15536234548045984400noreply@blogger.com0